Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients with COVID-19 infection who received tocilizumab in the mortality group (Group 1) and survival group (Group 2).
| Variables | Overall (n = 308) | Group 1 (n = 135) | Group 2 (n = 173) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 (50-70) | 70.5 (63-76) | 58 (47-68.2) | <0.001∗ |
| Gender (male) | 232 (75.3) | 98 (72.6) | 134 (77.5) | 0.326 |
| Time from SO to HA (days) | 7 (5-9) | 7 (6-9) | 7.0 (6-8) | 0.452 |
| Time from SO to TCZ infusion (days) | 11 (10-13) | 12 (10-13) | 11.5 (10-13) | 0.755 |
| Duration of oxygen support before TCZ (days) | 3 (2-5) | 4.0 (2-5) | 4.0 (2.7-5) | 0.133 |
| Duration of oxygen support after TCZ (days) | 6 (4.5-9.5) | 17.5 (16-22) | 12.5 (8-16) | 0.079 |
| Duration of hospital stay after TCZ (days) | 8 (7-10) | 17.5 (16-22) | 15 (14-17) | 0.001∗ |
| Any comorbidity | 175 (56.8) | 102 (75.6) | 73 (42.2) | <0.001∗ |
| Hypertension | 105 (34.1) | 71 (52.6) | 34 (17.9) | <0.001∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 72 (23.4) | 46 (34.1) | 26 (15) | <0.001∗ |
| Cardiovascular disease | 63 (20.5) | 40 (29.7) | 23 (13.3) | <0.001∗ |
| COPD | 21 (6.8) | 7 (5.2) | 14 (8.1) | 0.315 |
| Asthma | 18 (5.8) | 10 (7.4) | 8 (4.6) | 0.302 |
| Renal insufficient | 9 (2.9) | 7 (5.2) | 2 (1.2) | 0.046∗ |
| Any immunosuppression | 4 (1.3) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.2) | 0.376 |
| Other | 7 (2.2) | 6 (4.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0.191 |
| Oxygen support category before TCZ | <0.001∗ | |||
| Low-flow supplemental oxygen | 186 (60.4) | 62 (45.9) | 124 (71.7) | |
| High-flow oxygen or ventilatory support (either noninvasive or invasive) | 122 (39.6) | 73 (54.1) | 49 (28.3) | |
| Oxygen support category after TCZ | <0.001∗ | |||
| Low-flow supplemental oxygen | 158 (51.5) | 57 (42.2) | 101 (58.7) | |
| High-flow oxygen or ventilatory support (either noninvasive or invasive) | 145 (47.2) | 78 (57.8) | 67 (39) | |
| None | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | <0.001∗ |
| ICU admission | 166 (53.9) | 120 (88.9) | 46 (26.6) | <0.001∗ |
∗Statistically significant. The categorical data are expressed as n (%), and the continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range (IQR): 25th, 75th percentile). HA: hospital admission; SO: symptom onset; TCZ: tocilizumab; ICU: intensive care unit.