Haker 1990b.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial Blinding: double blinded, placebo used but unclear who else was blinded Loss to follow up: all 49 completed treatment, afterwards 1 in each group withdrew, 7 withdrew after 3 month follow up (4 in laser group and 3 in placebo) due to ongoing elbow pain and desire to try other treatment options Appropriate Statistical Analysis: The analysis was appropriate for the 40 subjects that completed the assessment, however of note there were 9 subjects lost to follow up | |
Participants | 49 participants Inclusion criteria: pain over lateral epicondyle for at least 1 month and pain during 2 or more tests as follows 1) palpation lateral epicondyle 2) resisted wrist extension with elbow pronation 3) passive stretching of extensors with elbow extension forearm pronated 4) resisted finger extension with eblow extended, forearm pronated Exclusion criteria: local arthritis, generalised polyarthritis, neurological abnormalities, radial nerve entrapment | |
Interventions | Experimental group: Mid 1500 IRRADIA laser, Ga‐As laser, wavelength 904 nm, measured mean power outlet 12 mW, peak value 8.3 W, frequency 70 Hz (pulsed) . Control Group: placebo. Laser machine turned off but wand applied to acupuncture points as per control group | |
Outcomes | Assessment at baseline, 3 months, 1 year 1. measured grip strength but no variance reported so unable to use 2. subjective report of pain on 5 point scale ( 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = better, 4 = slightly improved 5= unchanged or worse |
|
Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | B ‐ Unclear |