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. 2021 Nov 22;4(4):e1179. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1179

TABLE 4.

Examples of solute and pH distribution models of discs with different degeneration grades

Patient Grade level T2w ADC Glucose gradient (mM)Inline graphic Lactate gradient (mM)Inline graphic Oxygen gradient (kPa)Inline graphic
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Note: All discs were presented with the posterior aspect on the left and the anterior side on the right. Each model was constructed in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 using the middle sagittal slice of each patient's T2w, T1w, and DWI scans. pH distributions (linearly correlated to lactate levels) were not shown. The lowest levels of nutrients and the highest acidity levels appeared at the inner AF region in most discs (refer to Table S1 for complete model results).