Fig. 4.

Simulation of the unidirectional perfusion culture with diffusion barrier

(A) Scheme of the barrier structure with HSPG. (B) Schematics of the simulation of perfusion culture. The cells placed at the bottom (y = 0) are covered with the culture medium (y > 0). The medium flows in at x = 0 and flows to x direction. Each square is 20 μm by 20 μm. The shaded area denotes the diffusion barrier area where the diffusion and flow were 1/400. (C) The area of the differentiated cells from the upstream is shown. The vertical axis is diffusion barrier thickness of 0 (not applied), 20, 40, and 160 μm. The horizontal axis is the area of differentiated cells. (D) Total exposed BMP4 at t = 72 h. The vertical axis is total exposed BMP4. The horizontal axis is distance from the upstream.