Fig. 5.

Working of an electro-bioremediation setting (Acuña et al., 2012). The effect of electrokinetic phenomena on porous soil. Hydroxide ions and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode and hydrogen ions and oxygen gas at the anode. pH gradient generated throughout the affected subsurface facilitates electrokinetic migration of soil constituents. Microbes and PAHs move to the cathode by electroosmosis (EO). Electronegative microbes move to the anode electrophoretically (EP). Whereas electromigration (EM) is responsible in the movement of ions and heavy metals (HM).