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. 2021 Dec 10;25(1):103598. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103598

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The schematic diagram of various top-down exfoliation methods

(A) The schematic diagram of layered growth and subsequent mechanical exfoliation (Zhang et al., 2021a) Copyright 2021, Springer Nature.

(B) The schematic diagram of ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (Xiong et al., 2020) Copyright 2020, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd.

(C) The schematic of the liquid-phase exfoliation of bulk ilmenite in DMF to ilmenene (Puthirath Balan et al., 2018a) Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.

(D) The schematic diagram of ion intercalation-assisted exfoliation (Xiong et al., 2020) Copyright 2020, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd.

(E) The schematic diagram of ion exchange-assisted exfoliation (Xiong et al., 2020) Copyright 2020, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd.

(F) Apparatus for reagent-free electrophoretic synthesis for the formation of metal oxide nanosheets (Hou et al., 2017) Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.