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. 2021 Aug 23;70(1):29–35. doi: 10.1136/jim-2020-001715

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© American Federation for Medical Research 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, an indication of whether changes were made, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Effects of butyrate on inflammatory cytokine production. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels elevated significantly in saline-treated rats after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), rescued by butyrate treatment prior to renal I/R. Data are shown as means±SD, n=10/group. *P<0.05 vs the sham group, #p<0.05 vs the vehicle group.