Table 2.
Comparison of glycemic status, oral hygiene status (Debris index–simplified, Calculus index–simplified, Oral hygiene index–simplified), bleeding on probing (% of site), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal inflamed surface area and percentage of periodontitis among groups
|
Variables
|
Group I
|
Group II
|
Group III
|
P
value
a
|
| Duration of DM | 8.95 ± 6.86 | 9.49 ± 6.873 | 13.67 ± 5.70 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c | 6.73 ± 0.25 | 8.87 ± 1.203 | 9.40 ± 1.54 | < 0.001 |
| FPG | 117.25 ± 26.05 | 170.12 ± 57.86 | 173.67 ± 66.11 | < 0.001 |
| PPPG | 176.55 ± 59.63 | 234.62 ± 79.34 | 242.17 ± 73.16 | < 0.001 |
| BOP (% of site) | 55.31 ± 26.22 | 75.85 ± 22.72 | 79.14 ± 19.47 | < 0.001 |
| DI-S | 1.08 ± 0.73 | 1.55 ± 0.78 | 1.6 ± 0.66 | < 0.001 |
| CI-S | 1.31 ± 0.67 | 1.84 ± 0.71 | 1.94 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| OHI-S | 2.37 ± 1.35 | 3.39 ± 1.41 | 3.5 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 |
| PPD | 2.59 ± 0.67 | 3.36 ± 0.77 | 3.43 ± 0.75 | < 0.001 |
| CAL | 2.88 ± 0.77 | 3.81 ± 0.96 | 3.96 ± 0.92 | < 0.001 |
| PISA | 852.22 ± 586.77 | 1506.5 ± 805.76 | 1530.05 ± 690.24 | < 0.001 |
| Periodontitis (%) | 75 | 93.4 | 96.6 | < 0.001 |
a
P < 0.001. mean ± SD. A significant difference among three groups for systemic and periodontal variables. DM: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PPBS: Postprandial plasma glucose, BOP: Bleeding on probing; DI-S: Debris index–simplified; CI-S: Calculus index–simplified; OHI-S: Oral hygiene index–simplified; PPD: Probing pocket depth; CAL: Clinical attachment loss; PISA: Periodontal inflamed surface area.