Table 3.
Literature reviewed of this study
|
Ref.
|
Case number
|
Age (yr)
|
Side
|
Size (cm)
|
EM history, n (%)
|
Reproductive history
|
Presenting symptoms
|
Imaging
|
Preoperative diagnosis
|
Site of lesion
|
Operation
|
Recurrence
|
| Kapan et al[14], 2005 | 3 | 39-51 | R: 2; L: 1 | 2-4 | / | / | Groin lump (100%) | / | 0 | Type I (1); Type II (2) | Wide excision of lesion (3); Hernia repair (3) | / |
| Gaeta et al[22], 2010 | 8 | 30 (22-46) | R: 8 | 1.5-4.5 | / | / | Groin lump (100%); Pain (50%); Catamenial symptom (25%) | MRI: Type I: Prevalently cystic (2/8); type II: Prevalently solid with small scattered cysts (6/8) | 100% | Type I (8) | Wide excision of lesion (8) | / |
| Sun et al[9], 2010 | 9 | R: 8; L: 1 | / | / | / | Catamenial symptom (66%) | / | 33% | Excision of inguinal lesion (8/9); Extra round ligament (1/9); Laparo-scopy (4 pelvic EMs) | 0% | ||
| Wong et al[39], 2011 | 1 | 48 | R | 4 × 5 | No | Gravida 3, para 3 | Period pain at the groin during menses | US: A slightly bulky uterus | Fineneedle aspiration biopsy of the mass revealed EM | Proliferative endometrium | Solid, fibroid-like tumor was removed from the right groin | Remained asymptomatic and underwent a second exploratio: Revealed a multinodular subinguinal endometriotic lesion |
| Rajendran et al[15], 2012 | 1 | 36 | L | 2 × 2 | Crampy lower abdominal pain and a lump in her left groin. The lump present for 3 yr | CT: Mass adjacent to the rectus femoris muscle. US: A 2 × 2 cm solid mass with evidence of blood flow at the posterior aspect | Biopsy of the lesion revealed endometrial tissue | |||||
| Albutt et al[44], 2014 | 1 | 23 | L | 2.1 | No | No | A new-onset tender bulge with subjective fevers and chills | US: Avascular complex cystic lesion measuring 2.1 cm in the left groin. CT: A tubular cystic structure along left inguinal canal, round ligament | Inguinal hernia | Fpathology: A hydrocele with concordant EM | The cystic structure was dissected away from the round ligament | no |
| Mourra et al[17], 2015 | 42 | 35 (20-53) | R: 29; L: 11; Unk: 2 | 3.36 (1-5) | 5 | / | Groin lump (100%) | / | 31% | / | Wide excision of lesion (42); Hernia repair (8); Laparo-scopy (4) | 1 (2.38%) |
| Çayır et al[37], 2018 | 1 | 35 | R | 2.5 × 1.5 | US: Hypoechoic solid mass of 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm | |||||||
| Wolfhagen et al[13], 2018 | 9 | 32.5 (27-43) | R: 7; L: 2 | / | 0 | P: 4; N: 5; S: 2 | Groin lump (100%); Catamenial symptom (44%) | US: 1/7 suggestive for IEM; MRI: 0/4 suggestive for IEM; Image: 3/7 suggestive for hernia; Fin: 1/2 suggestive for IEM; 1/2 inconclusive | 33% | Type I (7); No mention (2) | Wide excision of lesion (9); Laparo-scopy (1 pelvic EM) | 0% |
| Niitsu et al[10], 2019 | 28 | 20-50 | R: 25; L: 3 | 1-3.3 | 4 | / | Groin lump (100%); Catamenial symptom (57.1%) | US: Low or with cyst (28/28); CT: Soft tissue density (18/18); MRI: T1 low/T2 low (3/3) | 71.4% | Type I (15); Type II (10); Type Ⅲ (3) | Wide excision of lesion (28) | 2 (7.1%) |
| Arakawa et al[18], 2019 | 20 | 37.2 ± 6.7 | R: 13; L: 5; R and L: 2 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 11 | P: 3; N: 17 | Groin lump (100%); Pain (100%); Swelling (70%); Catamenial symptom (80%) | US: Solid mass (15/20), cystic mass (2/20), mixed (1/20), no record (2/20); CT: Inguinal mass (13/13); MRI: Solid (9/18), cystic + solid (8/18), cystic (1/18) | 5/6 | No mention | Operation: Radical excision of lesion (5/6), Wide excision of lesion (1/6); Hormone: OC (4/8), DNG (4/8); Chinese medicine (1); No treatment (5) | 1 (5%) |
| Jena et al[4], 2020 | 1 | 25 | r | 3 × 2 | No | 2-yr history of painful persistent mass in the right groin and her symptoms fluctuated with the menstrual cycle | MRI: 2.7 cm × 1.7 cm × 1.6 cm heterogeneous nodular lesion in the right inguinal subcutaneous plane superficial to the adductor muscles and at the lower edge of the rectus abdominis muscle | Inguinal hernia | Mass showed the possibility of intramuscular endometriosis | Excision of the lesion and the | Patient was symptom free on subsequent follow-up | |
| Zihni İ et al[25], 2020 | 1 | 31 | r | 2.1 × 1.2 | The patient had given birth by caesarean section 2 yr previously | Pain and swelling in the right inguinal area. The complaints had been ongoing for approximately 1 yr, and the pain and swelling increased undertaking strenuous labour | US: A cystic structure, 21 mm × 12 mm in size, was seen within the hernia pouch in the right inguinal canal | |||||
| Basnayake et al[23], 2020 | 1 | 27 | r | 4 cm × 4 cm | No | No | Enlarging, painless, right inguinal swelling of 4 mo duration | US: Multiloculated, thin septated, anechoic cystic swelling without increased internal vascularity at the right inguinal region | There was no demonstrable hernia | The histology: Type I endometriosis | A complete excision of the cyst was performed | Follow-up after 1 yr showed no evidence of recurrence |
| This study | 10 | 38 (32-53) | R: 8; L: 1; B: 1 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 4 | P: 6; N: 4 | Groin lump (100%); Pain (100%); Swelling (100%); Catamenial symptom (50%) | US: Low echo with cluster cysts (1/10); heterogeneous mass (8/10); heterogeneous low echo lesion (L) + cyst echo (R) (1/10); MRI: T1 +c high (2/2) | 30% | Type II (9); Type I + II (1) | Wide excision of lesion (10); Hernia repair + mesh (9) | 0% |
EM: Endometriosis; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; N: Nulliparous; P: Parous; S: Subfertile; US: Ultrasonography.