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. 2021 Dec 15;6(51):35559–35571. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05119

Figure 5.

Figure 5

AFM topographical images of BSA in the absence and presence of Cu(II) ions. (a,b) Free BSA and the respective height profile at physiological pH. (c,d) Formation of oligomers after introducing 3 μM Cu(II) and the corresponding height profiles. (e–j) Dimer, trimer, and tetramer formation after introducing 5, 9, and 11 μM Cu(II) ions and the corresponding height profiles. (k) Protofibril formation after introducing 15 μM Cu(II). (l,m) Fibril formation after a longtime incubation period of 10 and 30 days.