Table 3.

Effect of Vitreoscilla filiformis extract 0.1% on Langerhans cells in skin explants exposed to UVA/UVB irradiation.

Exposure	Treatment	% Positive cells	p-Value
No UV	Control	100
UV exposure	Control	0	p < 0.01 vs. control without UV
UV exposure	SPF20 sun cream	62	p < 0.01 vs. control UV
UV exposure	Vfe 100%	70	p < 0.01 vs. control UV
UV exposure	Vfe 50%	61	p < 0.01 vs. control UV

Skin explants were topically pre‐treated with Vfe (5 mg/cm²) or the reference (solar cream, 5 mg/cm²) or left untreated (control). After 24 h pre‐incubation, the treatment was renewed, and the skin explants were incubated for 45 min before being exposed to UVB 1.25 J/cm² (and UVA 3.8 J/cm²) BS‐02 (Opsytec Dr. Gröbel) or kept in the dark (unexposed control). Immediately after UV exposure, the treatment was renewed, and skin explants were incubated for 24 h. After incubation, the skin explants were rinsed, and 8-mm punches were taken for immunolabelling. The frozen sections were incubated for 1 h with the appropriate primary antibody (anti‐CD1a, BD Biosciences, ref. 555805), the binding sites were revealed using the appropriate secondary antibody, and the cell nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (PI; Sigma, ref. P4170) solution.