Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants at baseline
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 90) | Aerobic training (n = 24) | Resistance training (n = 23) | Combination training (n = 20) | Attention control (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 65 ± 9 | 64 ± 9 | 64 ± 9 | 63 ± 11 | 67 ± 8 |
| Male, no. (%) | 31 (34) | 9 (37) | 8 (35) | 7 (35) | 7 (30) |
| BMI (kg·m−2), mean ± SD | 28 ± 6 | 26 ± 6 | 27 ± 6 | 27 ± 4 | 30 ± 6 |
| Site, no. (%) | |||||
| DUMC | 78 (87) | 20 (83) | 20 (87) | 19 (95) | 19 (83) |
| MSKCC | 12 (13) | 4 (17) | 3 (13) | 1 (5) | 4 (17) |
| Exercise (min·week−1) a , mean ± SD | 80 ± 101 | 122 ± 108 | 61 ± 128 | 71 ± 69 | 58 ± 80 |
| Smoking, no. (%) | |||||
| Never | 11 (12) | 6 (25) | 2 (9) | 1 (5) | 2 (9) |
| Former | 74 (82) | 17 (71) | 19 (83) | 17 (85) | 21 (91) |
| Current | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 2 (9) | 2 (10) | 0 (0) |
| Disease stage, no. (%) | |||||
| I | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| IA | 35 (39) | 10 (42) | 8 (35) | 9 (45) | 8 (35) |
| IB | 22 (24) | 4 (17) | 6 (26) | 5 (25) | 7 (30) |
| IIA | 10 (11) | 2 (8) | 4 (17) | 2 (10) | 2 (9) |
| IIB | 8 (9) | 3 (12) | 1 (4) | 1 (5) | 3 (13) |
| IIIA | 11 (12) | 3 (12) | 3 (13) | 2 (10) | 3 (13) |
| IIIB | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Limited stage | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Adjuvant therapy, no. (%) | |||||
| Received chemotherapy | 38 (42) | 11 (46) | 10 (43) | 8 (40) | 9 (39) |
| Received radiotherapy | 15 (16) | 5 (21) | 4 (17) | 2 (10) | 4 (17) |
| Resection degree, no. (%) | |||||
| Lobectomy | 70 (78) | 17 (71) | 20 (87) | 16 (80) | 17 (74) |
| Pneumonectomy | 5 (6) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 2 (9) |
| Bilobectomy | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) |
| Wedge resection | 10 (11) | 4 (17) | 3 (13) | 1 (5) | 2 (9) |
| Segment resection | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 1 (4) |
| Current medications, no. (%) | |||||
| Beta‐blockers | 14 (16) | 3 (13) | 5 (22) | 2 (10) | 4 (17) |
| ACE inhibitors | 11 (12) | 2 (8) | 2 (9) | 4 (20) | 3 (13) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 7 (8) | 1 (4) | 2 (9) | 1 (5) | 3 (13) |
| Diuretic | 11 (12) | 3 (13) | 2 (9) | 3 (15) | 3 (13) |
| Aspirin/anti‐platelet | 25 (28) | 6 (25) | 8 (35) | 6 (30) | 5 (22) |
| Statins | 30 (33) | 12 (50) | 5 (22) | 8 (40) | 5 (22) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 16 (18) | 2 (8) | 6 (26) | 3 (15) | 5 (22) |
| Pre‐existing (controlled) co‐morbidities, no. (%) | |||||
| CAD | 15 (17) | 2 (8) | 5 (22) | 4 (20) | 4 (17) |
| COPD | 20 (22) | 2 (8) | 7 (30) | 7 (35) | 4 (17) |
| Arthritis | 21 (23) | 5 (21) | 4 (17) | 5 (25) | 7 (30) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 9 (10) | 1 (4) | 4 (17) | 2 (10) | 2 (9) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 39 (43) | 12 (50) | 11 (48) | 7 (35) | 9 (39) |
| Hypertension | 45 (50) | 8 (33) | 13 (56) | 10 (50) | 14 (61) |
| Any | 66 (73) | 17 (71) | 18 (78) | 15 (75) | 16 (70) |
| Pre‐randomization VO2peak (mL O2·kg−1·min−1), mean ± SD | 15.8 ± 4.5 | 17.9 ± 5.5 | 15.2 ± 3.2 | 15.2 ± 4.5 | 14.5 ± 4.1 |
| % below age‐matched, mean ± SD | |||||
| Men | 50 ± 14 | 42 ± 17 | 55 ± 10 | 54 ± 9 | 51 ± 17 |
| Women | 42 ± 15 | 35 ± 18 | 44 ± 14 | 45 ± 14 | 46 ± 14 |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DUMC, Duke University Medical Center; MSKCC, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center; SD, standard deviation.
All comparisons P > 0.05. Chemotherapy, radiation, and endocrine therapy rates include only those patients receiving each treatment.
a
Exercise defined as the total minutes of self‐reported moderate/vigorous exercise per week.