Table 4.

Results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards model in the derivation cohort

Variables	Hazard ratio	95% Confidence interval	P
Frailty category I	1 (reference)	—	—
Frailty category II	1.51	[0.84–2.72]	0.169
Frailty category III	2.37	[1.32–4.23]	0.004
Frailty category IV	2.66	[1.45–4.89]	0.002
Age, per 1 SD	1.04	[0.83–1.31]	0.730
Women	0.84	[0.61–1.14]	0.266
Past HF hospitalization	2.51	[1.83–3.43]	<0.001
SBP at discharge, per 1 SD	1.08	[0.91–1.27]	0.376
HR at discharge, per 1 SD	1.08	[0.94–1.25]	0.282
Diabetes	1.24	[0.91–1.68]	0.167
Past cardiac surgery	0.97	[0.66–1.43]	0.896
Cancer	1.21	[0.76–1.91]	0.419
COPD	1.17	[0.68–2.00]	0.567
Orthopaedic disease	0.84	[0.45–1.57]	0.585
Stroke	0.44	[0.13–1.42]	0.171
High BNP level	1.74	[1.19–2.54]	0.004
eGFR, per 1 SD	0.80	[0.67–0.95]	0.013
Sodium, per 1 SD	0.91	[0.79–1.04]	0.186
Anaemia	1.19	[0.84–1.68]	0.334
Albumin, per 1 SD	0.89	[0.77–1.04]	0.140
LVEF < 40%	1.05	[0.75–1.48]	0.775
Beta blocker	0.98	[0.70–1.37]	0.907
ACEi/ARB	0.82	[0.60–1.10]	0.181
MRA	1.15	[0.85–1.57]	0.367
Diuretic	1.42	[0.89–2.26]	0.138
Oral inotropic agent	1.50	[1.03–2.19]	0.036
MMSE, per 1 SD	0.91	[0.84–0.99]	0.049
Depression	1.30	[0.97–1.76]	0.081
BMI, per 1 SD	0.85	[0.70–1.13]	0.096

ACEi, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; MRA, mineral corticoid antagonist; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Anaemia is defined as haemoglobin < 13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women. High BNP level was defined as BNP ≥ 200 pg/mL or N‐terminal pro BNP ≥ 900 pg/mL. Depression is defined as 5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 2 points.