Table 1.
Baseline plasma markers of inflammation, intestinal permeability, and of appetite mediators and endocannabinoids
| All patients (n = 27) | BCAA–glycine group (n = 15) a | Glycine–BCAA group (n = 12) a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | P25–75 | Median | P25–P75 | Median | P25–P75 | P b | |
| Systemic inflammation | |||||||
| Serum C‐reactive protein (g/L) c | 4.0 | (2.5–12.8) | 4.2 | (3.1–24.6) | 2.6 | (2.3–6.3) | 0.091 |
| Serum interleukin‐6 (pg/mL) | 1.3 | (0.7–3.1) | 1.4 | (0.7–3.6) | 1.2 | (0.7–1.7) | 0.495 |
| Serum interleukin‐10 (pg/mL) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.3) | 0.1 | (0.1–0.2) | 0.733 |
| Serum tumour necrosis factor‐α (pg/mL) | 2.8 | (2.1–3.9) | 2.8 | (2.4–3.5) | 2.7 | (1.8–3.9) | 0.733 |
| Faecal IgA (μg/mL) | 1600 | (325.0–3700.0) | 2563.0 | (425.0–6775.0) | 1062.5 | (287.5–3144.0) | 0.354 |
| Intestinal permeability | |||||||
| Serum lipopolysaccharides (ng/mL) | 76.6 | (62.0–112.9) | 76.6 | (49.6–110.8) | 76.9 | (66.4–112.9) | 0.626 |
| Serum glucagon‐like peptide 2 (ng/mL) | 8.8 | (6.0–10.1) | 8.8 | (6.0–10.2) | 8.2 | (5.9–9.8) | 0.733 |
| Appetite mediators | |||||||
| Total ghrelin (pg/mL) | 460.3 | (293.7–1102.6) | 619.7 | (291.3–1798.4) | 437.7 | (298.1–879.3) | 0.495 |
| Active ghrelin (fmol/mL) | 12.8 | (7.5–24.0) | 12.8 | (7.3–24.0) | 13.3 | (8.0–24.3) | 0.770 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 33 507.5 | (7004.2–70 894.6) | 12 776.4 | (6418.8–70 894.6) | 40 589.1 | (21 237.8–67 596.5) | 0.262 |
| Active glucagon‐like peptide 1 (pM) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.6) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.6) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.4) | 0.143 |
| Cholecystokinin (pg/mL) | 353 | (262.5–444.9) | 310.0 | (262.5–420.5) | 407.3 | (264.4–476.4) | 0.329 |
| Neuropeptide Y (pg/mL) | 77.0 | (54.8–108.8) | 71.0 | (65.6–108.8) | 83.1 | (49.5–109.1) | 0.733 |
| Peptide YY (pg/mL) | 175.4 | (114.8–256.4) | 179.2 | (114.8–310.8) | 156.3 | (107.2–225.2) | 0.435 |
| Endocannabinoids | |||||||
| Arachidonoylglycerol (1‐AG and 2‐AG) (ng/mL) | 3.7 | (3.5–4.0) | 3.8 | (3.6–4.0) | 3.7 | (3.4–4.2) | 0.591 |
| Oleoylglycerol (1‐OG and 2‐OG) (ng/mL) | 61.0 | (30.4–84.6) | 69 | (52.4–88.3) | 53.1 | (24.1–63.8) | 0.143 |
| Anandamide (ng/mL) | 2.2 | (1.7–3.0) | 2.2 | (1.7–3.0) | 2.4 | (1.8–2.9) | 0.961 |
| N‐Oleoylethanolamine (ng/mL) | 2.0 | (1.4–2.4) | 2.0 | (1.4–2.7) | 1.9 | (1.5–2.2) | 0.807 |
| N‐Palmitoyethanolamine (ng/mL) | 4.7 | (3.7–5.1) | 4.7 | (3.5–5.1) | 4.7 | (4.1–5.3) | 0.807 |
| N‐Linoleoylethanolamine (ng/mL) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.5–1.4) | 1.2 | (1.1–1.8) | 0.329 |
| N‐Stearoylethanolamine (ng/mL) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 | (0.6–0.8) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) | 0.626 |
BCAA, branched‐chain amino acid; P, percentile.
a
The BCAA–glycine group started with the BCAA supplementation, and the glycine–BCCA group started with the glycine supplementation.
b
Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.
c
n = 26 (one person missing in the glycine–BCAA group).