TABLE 4.

Heart rate, blood lactate, and $\dot{\text{V}}$O₂ at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds as well as maximal effort across the four cycle phases for the eumenorrheic (EUM) and the hormonal contraceptive (CHC) participants.

	EUM				CHC				ANOVA
	Bleeding	Mid FOL	Ovulation	Mid LUT	Bleeding	Active 1	Active 2	Inactive	Phase	Group	Phase × group
Body mass (kg)	67.1 ± 7.8	66.4 ± 7.9	66.7 ± 8.2	66.6 ± 7.6	63.5 ± 6.0	63.1 ± 6.1	63.3 ± 8.2	63.5 ± 5.8	F = 1.714 p = 0.174	F = 3.869 p = 0.063	F = 0.983 p = 0.392
Blood glucose (mmol⋅L–1)	5.0 ± 0.3	5.1 ± 0.4	5.0 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.4	4.8 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.3	F = 0.164 p = 0.921	F = 1.081 p = 0.309	F = 2.073 p = 0.112
Aerobic threshold
Heart rate (bpm)	154 ± 14 *	155 ± 13 *	156 ± 12 *	156 ± 11 +	166 ± 11 *	165 ± 11 *	162 ± 12 *	163 ± 12 +	F = 0.196 p = 0.899	F = 5.678 p = 0.026	F = 1.022 p = 0.388
% of HRmax (%)	81 ± 7	81 ± 6	82 ± 5	82 ± 4	86 ± 4	85 ± 4	84 ± 5	84 ± 4	F = 0.078 p = 0.972	F = 3.705 p = 0.067	F = 1.490 p = 0.225
Blood lactate (mmol⋅L–1)	1.96 ± 0.64	2.03 ± 0.62	1.92 ± 0.75	1.80 ± 0.56	1.54 ± 0.35	1.82 ± 0.46	1.65 ± 0.35	1.73 ± 0.40	F = 1.850 p = 0.528	F = 1.072 p = 0.312	F = 0.528 p = 0.664
$\dot{\text{V}}$O2 (ml⋅kg–1⋅min–1)	31.6 ± 6.8	32.8 ± 6.9	32.4 ± 6.9	33.0 ± 4.7	34.1 ± 3.8	34.4 ± 5.7	34.1 ± 4.5	33.2 ± 4.6	F = 1.473 p = 0.246	F = 0.020 p = 0.889	F = 0.307 p = 0.717
Anaerobic threshold
Heart rate (bpm)	175 ± 8 *	176 ± 8 *	176 ± 8 +	178 ± 8	184 ± 8 *	183 ± 9 *	180 ± 10 +	183 ± 9	F = 1.538 p = 0.213	F = 5.391 p = 0.030	F = 1.827 p = 0.151
Percentage of HRmax (%)	92 ± 3 *	92 ± 2 *	92 ± 2 *	93 ± 2 +	95 ± 2 *	94 ± 2 *	95 ± 2 *	94 ± 2 +	F = 0.773 p = 0.513	F = 6.629 p = 0.017	F = 3.437 p = 0.022
Blood lactate (mmol⋅L–1)	4.02 ± 0.85	4.09 ± 1.00	3.78 ± 0.4	4.01 ± 0.87	3.89 ± 0.83	3.52 ± 0.83	3.49 ± 0.83	3.82 ± 0.55	F = 1.850 p = 0.147	F = 1.072 p = 0.312	F = 0.528 p = 0.664
$\dot{\text{V}}$O2 (ml⋅kg–1⋅min–1)	39.1 ± 5.4	39.7 ± 6.8	39.8 ± 5.5	40.7 ± 4.2	40.5 ± 4.3	41.2 ± 4.9	40.4 ± 4.2	39.0 ± 4.5	F = 0.133 p = 0.854	F = 0.328 p = 0.575	F = 1.198 p = 0.312
Maximal effort
Heart rate (bpm)	190 ± 8	192 ± 8	191 ± 8	191 ± 9	195 ± 10	194 ± 9	192 ± 10	193 ± 13	F = 1.661 p = 0.184	F = 1.855 p = 0.187	F = 2.763 p = 0.065
Blood lactate (mmol⋅L–1)	11.2 ± 3.4	11.4 ± 3.3	11.3 ± 3.1	10.4 ± 2.2	9.6 ± 2.3	10.2 ± 2.7	8.9 ± 2.7	9.7 ± 2.9	F = 2.828 p = 0.045	F = 0.879 p = 0.359	F = 2.456 p = 0.071
$\dot{\text{V}}$O2peak (ml⋅kg–1⋅min–1)	44.1 ± 5.8	46.4 ± 6.4	46.7 ± 5.3	46.1 ± 5.4	44.1 ± 4.8	47.2 ± 4.4	45.5 ± 3.6	44.9 ± 4.5	F = 0.552 p = 0.649	F = 0.849 p = 0.368	F = 0.249 p = 0.862
$\dot{\text{V}}$O2peak (L⋅min–1)	2.97 ± 0.37	3.00 ± 0.40	3.00 ± 0.45	3.02 ± 0.35	2.81 ± 0.38	2.84 ± 0.32	2.77 ± 0.30	2.80 ± 0.34	F = 1.933 p = 0.135	F = 1.799 p = 0.197	F = 0.314 p = 0.815
RUNpeak (km⋅h–1)	14.8 ± 1.4	15.1 ± 1.5	15.1 ± 1.4	14.9 ± 1.4	14.5 ± 1.3	14.9 ± 1.4	14.9 ± 1.3	14.8 ± 1.6	F = 0.675 p = 0.570	F = 0.737 p = 0.400	F = 1.910 p = 0.136
RUNtotal (min:s)	27:50 ± 4:31	29:19 ± 4:29	29:06 ± 4:11	28:25 ± 4:02	27:18 ± 3:14	27:31 ± 4:00	27:26 ± 3:58	27:55 ± 4:23	F = 0.479 p = 0.698	F = 1.257 p = 0.274	F = 1.526 p = 0.216

Values are presented as mean ± SD and significant findings are denoted in bold. Simple main effects for group at each phase are denoted by “*” in the table (p < 0.05) and trends are indicated by “+”.