Table 3.
Population characteristics for the different muscle composition (MC) phenotypes (male participants)
| Normal MC | Only low muscle volume | Only high muscle fat infiltration | Adverse MC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 11 640 (61.0%) | 2674 (14.0%) | 2709 (14.2%) | 2063 (10.8%) |
| Age (years) | 63.01 (7.45) | 67.00 (7.30) | 67.13 (6.80) | 70.06 (6.11) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.30 (3.39) | 25.21 (3.13) | 29.97 (4.36) | 28.41 (4.16) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.91 (9.51) | 92.08 (9.22) | 101.84 (11.04) | 100.60 (11.12) |
| FFMV, total thigh (L) | 12.84 (1.58) | 10.58 (1.12) | 13.01 (1.45) | 10.79 (1.29) |
| FFMV, left anterior thigh (L) | 2.22 (0.33) | 1.78 (0.23) | 2.17 (0.30) | 1.78 (0.26) |
| FFMV, right anterior thigh (L) | 2.23 (0.33) | 1.79 (0.23) | 2.18 (0.31) | 1.78 (0.27) |
| FFMV, left posterior thigh (L) | 4.17 (0.51) | 3.47 (0.39) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.59 (0.44) |
| FFMV, right posterior thigh (L) | 4.22 (0.52) | 3.53 (0.39) | 4.36 (0.49) | 3.63 (0.46) |
| FFMV, z‐score (SD) | 0.46 (0.77) | −1.13 (0.37) | 0.11 (0.59) | −1.33 (0.55) |
| MFI, mean anterior thigh (%) | 5.93 (0.93) | 6.47 (0.80) | 8.91 (1.22) | 9.44 (1.87) |
| MFI, left anterior thigh (%) | 6.06 (0.94) | 6.64 (0.85) | 8.98 (1.26) | 9.56 (1.89) |
| MFI, right anterior thigh (%) | 5.82 (0.96) | 6.32 (0.86) | 8.85 (1.31) | 9.36 (2.06) |
| MFI, left posterior thigh (%) | 9.31 (1.48) | 10.25 (1.35) | 13.01 (1.79) | 13.67 (2.21) |
| MFI, right posterior thigh (%) | 9.10 (1.48) | 10.02 (1.33) | 12.81 (1.82) | 13.47 (2.29) |
| MFI, sex‐adjusted (%) | −0.60 (0.93) | −0.06 (0.80) | 2.38 (1.22) | 2.91 (1.87) |
| Cancer (yes/no/missing) | 8.3% /91.2% /0.5% | 12.2% /86.2% /1.6% | 10.5% /88.5% /1.0% | 14.4% /84.2% /1.3% |
| Type 2 diabetes (yes/no/missing) | 4.0% /95.7% /0.2% | 8.5% /91.2% /0.3% | 10.7% /88.9% /0.5% | 17.1% /82.0% /0.9% |
| Coronary heart disease (yes/no/missing) | 5.8% /93.8% /0.4% | 9.7% /89.9% /0.4% | 10.6% /89.0% /0.4% | 14.1% /85.5% /0.4% |
| Hand grip strength = low (yes/no/missing) | 4.7% /92.4% /2.9% | 10.4% /86.4% /3.2% | 7.9% /89.3% /2.7% | 15.5% /80.6% /3.9% |
| Smoking (no/previous/current/missing) | 62.8% /33.0% /3.5% /0.6% | 57.9% /36.5% /4.1% /1.5% | 49.4% /44.9% /4.8% /0.8% | 42.7% /49.3% /6.0% /1.9% |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 28.18 (26.63) | 25.06 (27.25) | 36.60 (34.15) | 32.38 (35.46) |
| Physical activity IPAQ (moderate/low/high/missing) | 40.0% /13.9% /45.6% /0.4% | 49.3% /22.8% /26.7% /1.2% | 44.8% /20.5% /34.0% /0.7% | 48.0% /28.2% /22.6% /1.2% |
| Townsend deprivation index | −2.02 (2.67) | −1.89 (2.75) | −1.88 (2.68) | −1.79 (2.85) |
BMI, body mass index; FFMV, fat‐tissue free muscle volume; IPAQ, international physical activity questionnaire; MFI, muscle fat infiltration.
Low muscle volume defined as <25th percentile of the whole cohort for muscle volume z‐score (cut‐point −0.68 (both female participants and male participants)), and high muscle fat infiltration (MFI) as >75th percentile of the whole cohort (cut‐points 8.82 and 7.69% (female participants/male participants)). Adverse MC defined as low muscle volume coupled with high MFI. 8 Values are mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and fraction per category for categorical and binary variables.