Table 4.

Most common primary and secondary causes of death with distribution of codes and incidence within the different muscle composition (MC) groups

ICD‐10 block	N	Normal MC	Only low muscle volume	Only high muscle fat infiltration	Adverse MC	P value	Description
C15–C26	88	38 (1.58‰)	11 (1.90‰)	19 (3.28‰)	20 (4.80‰)	<0.001	Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs
I20–I25	74	29 (1.21‰)	6 (1.04‰)	17 (2.94‰)	22 (5.28‰)	<0.001	Ischaemic heart diseases
C76–C80	49	19 (0.79‰)	7 (1.21‰)	6 (1.04‰)	17 (4.08‰)	<0.001	Malignant neoplasms of ill‐defined, secondary and unspecified sites
I30–I52	47	15 (0.62‰)	3 (0.52‰)	17 (2.94‰)	12 (2.88‰)	<0.001	Other forms of heart disease
I60–I69	31	17 (0.71‰)	4 (0.69‰)	4 (0.69‰)	6 (1.44‰)	0.249	Cerebrovascular diseases
I10–I15	30	7 (0.29‰)	4 (0.69‰)	12 (2.07‰)	7 (1.68‰)	<0.001	Hypertensive diseases
J09–J18	26	10 (0.42‰)	5 (0.86‰)	4 (0.69‰)	7 (1.68‰)	0.007	Influenza and pneumonia
C30–C39	22	9 (0.37‰)	1 (0.17‰)	5 (0.86‰)	7 (1.68‰)	0.002	Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs
C81–C96	21	9 (0.37‰)	2 (0.35‰)	8 (1.38‰)	2 (0.48‰)	0.087	Malignant neoplasms, stated or presumed to be primary, of lymphoid, haematopoietic, and related tissue
C69–C72	17	8 (0.33‰)	5 (0.86‰)	2 (0.35‰)	2 (0.48‰)	0.604	Malignant neoplasms of eye, brain, and other parts of central nervous system
E10–E14	17	2 (0.08‰)	2 (0.35‰)	5 (0.86‰)	8 (1.92‰)	<0.001	Diabetes mellitus
J80–J84	17	5 (0.21‰)	2 (0.35‰)	5 (0.86‰)	5 (1.2‰)	0.001	Other respiratory diseases principally affecting the interstitium
J40–J47	15	4 (0.17‰)	0 (0.00‰)	2 (0.35‰)	9 (2.16‰)	<0.001	Chronic lower respiratory diseases
C60–C63	14	2 (0.08‰)	3 (0.52‰)	4 (0.69‰)	5 (1.20‰)	<0.001	Malignant neoplasms of male genital organs
C64–C68	12	4 (0.17‰)	3 (0.52‰)	0 (0.00‰)	5 (1.20‰)	0.014	Malignant neoplasms of urinary tract
C50–C50	10	6 (0.25‰)	3 (0.52‰)	1 (0.17‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0.452	Malignant neoplasm of breast
G10–G14	10	3 (0.12‰)	1 (0.17‰)	3 (0.52‰)	3 (0.72‰)	0.011	Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system
I26–I28	10	2 (0.08‰)	1 (0.17‰)	4 (0.69‰)	3 (0.72‰)	0.002	Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonary circulation
Covid‐19	9	1 (0.04‰)	1 (0.17‰)	4 (0.69‰)	3 (0.72‰)	<0.001	Covid‐19
J95–J99	9	3 (0.12‰)	0 (0.00‰)	1 (0.17‰)	5 (1.20‰)	0.001	Other diseases of the respiratory system
N17–N19	9	1 (0.04‰)	2 (0.35‰)	2 (0.35‰)	4 (0.96‰)	<0.001	Renal failure
K70–K77	8	2 (0.08‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0 (0.00‰)	6 (1.44‰)	<0.001	Diseases of liver
A30–A49	7	2 (0.08‰)	1 (0.17‰)	2 (0.35‰)	2 (0.48‰)	0.039	Other bacterial diseases
C43–C44	7	4 (0.17‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0 (0.00‰)	3 (0.72‰)	0.178	Melanoma and other malignant neoplasms of skin
C51–C58	7	3 (0.12‰)	3 (0.52‰)	1 (0.17‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0.928	Malignant neoplasms of female genital organs
R50–R69	7	5 (0.21‰)	0 (0.00‰)	1 (0.17‰)	1 (0.24‰)	0.928	General symptoms and signs
Y83–Y84	6	1 (0.04‰)	1 (0.17‰)	2 (0.35‰)	2 (0.48‰)	0.012	Surgical and other medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
D80–D89	5	2 (0.08‰)	0 (0.00‰)	2 (0.35‰)	1 (0.24‰)	0.167	Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
E70–E90	5	1 (0.04‰)	0 (0.00‰)	2 (0.35‰)	2 (0.48‰)	0.008	Metabolic disorders
G30–G32	5	4 (0.17‰)	1 (0.17‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0 (0.00‰)	0.242	Other degenerative diseases of the nervous system
J60–J70	5	1 (0.04‰)	0 (0.00‰)	3 (0.52‰)	1 (0.24‰)	0.026	Lung diseases due to external agents
K55–K64	5	1 (0.04‰)	0 (0.00‰)	3 (0.52‰)	1 (0.24‰)	0.026	Other diseases of intestines

Values for the MC groups are count of codes for primary and secondary causes of death and incidence within MC group in per‐mille. P values are results from χ ² tests for trend in proportions.