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. 2021 Oct 19;12(6):1440–1455. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12815

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Normalized skeletal muscle cell signalling pathways and physiological outcomes. RYGB + ET: Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass plus exercise training group; RYGB: Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass plus non‐exercise. Venn diagram of the total number of differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) related to muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in the RYGB + ET and RYGB groups at POST9 in comparison with healthy lean control group (Panels A and B, respectively). Comparison of the RYGB + ET and RYGB groups at POST9 with reference values from healthy lean control group: Z‐score for absolute and relative lower‐limb (Panels C and D, respectively) and upper‐limb (Panels E and F, respectively) strength performance in the 1‐RM test, functionality in the timed‐up‐and‐go test and timed‐stand test (Panels G and H, respectively), Types I and II muscle fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA) (Panels I and J, respectively), muscle fibre capillarization parameters (Panels K, L, and M, respectively) and satellite cell content (Panel N). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Red arrow indicates an enrichment with a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 10% and the absolute log2 fold‐change >1.5; PRE: before surgery (baseline); POST3: 3 months following surgery; POST9: 9 months following surgery. * indicates P < 0.05 in comparison with healthy lean control group.