Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at baseline.
| Variables | Intervention (n = 45) | Control (n = 41) | P |
| Age (yr)∗ | 36.7 (13.9) | 38.4 (13.8) | .603 |
| Pain duration (days)∗ | 49.6 (108.1) | 44.4 (66.0) | .811 |
| Pain intensity (NRS)∗ | 3.8 (2.4) | 4.6 (2.0) | .076 |
| Comfortable mouth opening∗ | 36.6 (10.9) | 38.1 (8.8) | .490 |
| Maximum mouth opening∗ | 43.3 (8.4) | 43.0 (8.1) | .830 |
| Pain on palpation: capsule† | 17/45 (38%) | 16/41 (39%) | .905 |
| Pain on palpation: muscle† | 26/45 (58%) | 28/41 (68%) | .314 |
| Noise† | 33/45 (73%) | 23/41 (56%) | .094 |
| DC/TMD diagnosis† | |||
| Myalgia | 26/45 (58%) | 28/41 (68%) | .314 |
| Arthralgia | 17/45 (38%) | 16/41 (39%) | .905 |
| Headache attributed to TMD | 11/45 (24%) | 12/41 (29%) | .614 |
| Intra-articular TMD | 40/45 (89%) | 30/41 (73%) | .061 |
| Degenerative joint disease† | 16/45 (36%) | 14/41 (34%) | .891 |
| Arthrogenous pain group† | 4/45 (9%) | 3/41 (8%) | 1.000 |
| Myogenous pain group† | 13/45 (29%) | 15/41 (37%) | .447 |
| Mixed pain group† | 13/45 (29%) | 13/41 (32%) | .776 |
| GCPS low disability† | 32/42 (76%) | 32/40 (80%) | .635 |
| GCPS high disability† | 6/42 (14%) | 6/40 (15%) | .962 |
| JFLS-20∗ | 33.6 (29.3) | 43.0 (28.1) | .242 |
| OBC∗ | 15.1 (8.7) | 15.8 (9.4) | .743 |
| GAD-7∗ | 4.0 (3.6) | 4.0 (4.8) | .978 |
| PHQ-9∗ | 5.5 (4.3) | 4.8 (5.5) | .518 |
| PHQ-15∗ | 5.7 (2.9) | 5.9 (3.5) | .794 |
| SCL-90R-somatization score∗ | 45.4 (6.4) | 45.0 (6.4) | .751 |
| SCL-90R-depression score∗ | 43.8 (8.5) | 43.4 (9.0) | .810 |
| SCL-90R-anxiety score∗ | 42.8 (6.6) | 42.6 (7.0) | .860 |
| Bruxism† | 12/45 (27%) | 8/41 (20%) | .433 |
| Clenching† | 22/45 (49%) | 20/41 (49%) | .992 |
| Tongue thrusting† | 8/45 (18%) | 2/41 (5%) | .093 |
| Hard food† | 15/45 (33%) | 15/41 (37%) | .752 |
| Unilateral chewing† | 30/45 (67%) | 27/41 (66%) | .937 |
| Unilateral sleeping† | 20/45 (44%) | 20/41 (49%) | .687 |