Table 1.
Probability of seeking care of women who delivered a live birth during 2009–2013
| Skilled births | Institutional births | Home-based skilled births | Births at private facilities | |
| Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | |
| NPPI districts | 0 (−0.05 to 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.08) | 0.05 (−0.01 to 0.11) |
| a. Mother characteristics | ||||
| 15–18 years | ||||
| 19–40 years | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) | −0.05** (−0.09 to −0.01) |
| 41–60 years | −0.05** (−0.08 to −0.02) | −0.06** (−0.09 to −0.03) | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) | −0.08** (−0.13 to −0.03) |
| No schooling | ||||
| Up to primary schooling | 0.06*** (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.09*** (0.06 to 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) |
| >Primary and ≤middle | 0.08*** (0.05 to 0.12) | 0.14*** (0.1 to 0.18) | 0 (−0.06 to 0.06) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.06) |
| >Middle and ≤high School | 0.09*** (0.05 to 0.14) | 0.16*** (0.1 to 0.21) | 0.05 (−0.07 to 0.17) | 0 (−0.07 to 0.07) |
| Graduate and above | 0.1*** (0.05 to 0.14) | 0.19*** (0.13 to 0.25) | 0 (−0.19 to 0.18) | 0.09** (0.03 to 0.15) |
| b. Family characteristics | ||||
| Rural | −0.1*** (−0.13 to −0.07) | −0.12*** (−0.16 to −0.09) | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | 0.05* (0.02 to 0.09) |
| SES Q1 | ||||
| SES Q2 | 0.11*** (0.08 to 0.14) | 0.06*** (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.09*** (0.06 to 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.06) |
| SES Q3 | 0.15*** (0.12 to 0.19) | 0.11*** (0.07 to 0.14) | 0.13*** (0.08 to 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) |
| SES Q4 | 0.21*** (0.17 to 0.25) | 0.21*** (0.16 to 0.25) | 0.17*** (0.11 to 0.23) | 0.11*** (0.06 to 0.17) |
| SES Q5 | 0.26*** (0.21 to 0.3) | 0.29*** (0.23 to 0.34) | 0.28*** (0.18 to 0.38) | 0.2*** (0.14 to 0.26) |
| Female head | −0.03 (−0.11 to 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.1) | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.06) | 0.07 (−0.04 to 0.18) |
| Head no schooling | ||||
| Upto primary schooling | 0.03** (0 to 0.05) | 0.04** (0.01 to 0.06) | 0 (−0.03 to 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) |
| >Primary and ≤ middle | 0.04** (0.02 to 0.07) | 0.05*** (0.03 to 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05) |
| >Middle and ≤ high school | 0.07*** (0.04 to 0.11) | 0.1*** (0.06 to 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.06) | 0.09*** (0.04 to 0.13) |
| Graduate and above | 0.08*** (0.04 to 0.12) | 0.11*** (0.07 to 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 0.09*** (0.05 to 0.14) |
| N | 11 032 | 11 032 | 6656 | 4376 |
Table shows effect of NPPI on the probability of each outcome estimated using multiple linear regression on treatment effect, all covariates (as explained in table 1, year and district fixed effects. CIs obtained using SEs adjusted for clustering at level of primary sampling units. District fixed effect estimates are not included in the table but can be provided on request.
*, **,*** indicates level of significance at 1%, 5% and 10%.
NPPI, Norway-Pakistan Partnership Initiative; SES, socioeconomic status.