Table 2.
Probability of seeking care of women who delivered a live birth during 2009–2013
| Skilled births | Institutional births | Home-based skilled births | Births at private facilities | |
| Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | Coefficient (95% CIs) | |
| Voucher districts | 0.06* (−0.01 to 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.09) | 0.05 (−0.04 to 0.13) | 0.04 (−0.04 to 0.12) |
| Contracting districts | 0.14*** (0.07 to 0.21) | 0 (−0.07 to 0.07) | 0.17*** (0.08 to 0.26) | 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.19) |
| Other NPPI districts | −0.08** (−0.13 to −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02) | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.02) | 0.04 (−0.03 to 0.11) |
| a. Mother characteristics | ||||
| 15–18 years | ||||
| 19–40 years | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) | −0.05** (−0.09 to −0.01) |
| 41–60 years | −0.05** (−0.08 to −0.02) | −0.06** (−0.09 to −0.03) | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) | −0.08** (−0.13 to −0.03) |
| No schooling | ||||
| Upto primary schooling | 0.06*** (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.09*** (0.06 to 0.12) | 0 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) |
| >Primary and ≤middle | 0.08*** (0.05 to 0.11) | 0.14*** (0.1 to 0.18) | 0 (−0.06 to 0.06) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.06) |
| >Middle and ≤high School | 0.09*** (0.05 to 0.14) | 0.16*** (0.1 to 0.21) | 0.05 (−0.06 to 0.17) | 0 (−0.07 to 0.07) |
| Graduate and above | 0.09*** (0.05 to 0.14) | 0.19*** (0.13 to 0.25) | 0 (−0.18 to 0.17) | 0.09** (0.03 to 0.15) |
| b. Family characteristics | ||||
| Rural | −0.09*** (−0.13 to −0.06) | −0.12*** (−0.15 to −0.09) | −0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01) | 0.06** (0.02 to 0.09) |
| SES Q1 | ||||
| SES Q2 | 0.11*** (0.08 to 0.14) | 0.06*** (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.09*** (0.06 to 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.06) |
| SES Q3 | 0.15*** (0.12 to 0.19) | 0.11*** (0.07 to 0.14) | 0.13*** (0.08 to 0.17) | 0.02 (−0.03 to 0.07) |
| SES Q4 | 0.21*** (0.18 to 0.25) | 0.21*** (0.17 to 0.25) | 0.17*** (0.11 to 0.23) | 0.11*** (0.06 to 0.17) |
| SES Q5 | 0.26*** (0.22 to 0.3) | 0.29*** (0.24 to 0.34) | 0.28*** (0.18 to 0.38) | 0.2*** (0.14 to 0.26) |
| Female head | −0.02 (−0.11 to 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.08 to 0.1) | −0.04 (−0.15 to 0.07) | 0.07 (−0.04 to 0.18) |
| No schooling | ||||
| Upto primary schooling | 0.03** (0 to 0.05) | 0.04*** (0.01 to 0.06) | 0 (−0.03 to 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) |
| >Primary and ≤middle | 0.04** (0.01 to 0.07) | 0.05*** (0.03 to 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.05) |
| >Middle and ≤high School | 0.07*** (0.04 to 0.1) | 0.1*** (0.06 to 0.13) | 0.01 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 0.09*** (0.04 to 0.13) |
| Graduate and above | 0.08*** (0.04 to 0.12) | 0.11*** (0.07 to 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.04 to 0.08) | 0.09*** (0.05 to 0.14) |
| N | 11 032 | 11 032 | 6656 | 4376 |
Table provides heterogeneous effects of each of the reforms carried out in NPPI. Other notes are same as in table 1.
NPPI, Norway-Pakistan Partnership Initiative; SES, socioeconomic status.