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. 2021 Dec 25;28(1):e100466. doi: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100466

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Timelines of publications and sample sizes of development (training, validation and/or testing), external validation studies and completed AI-RCTs (n=17). Each circle corresponds to a unique study (development (training, validation, testing) studies in green, external validation studies in blue, and AI-RCTs in red). Due to the wide range of studies’ sample sizes, the values are displaying in logarithmic (log₁₀) scale. AI-RCTs, artificial intelligence randomised controlled trials.