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. 2021 Dec 30;11:24500. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04217-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Left side: Parameter estimates of the punishment parameters reflecting moral punishment (P_Moral), hypocritical punishment (P_Hypocritical) and antisocial punishment (P_Antisocial) in the no-load condition and the cognitive-load condition. Right side: Parameter estimates of the punishment-bias parameter (b), reflecting the general tendency to punish the partners irrespective of the outcome of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. The error bars represent standard errors. The asterisks highlight significant differences between the no-load condition and the cognitive-load condition.