Table 1.
Clinical assessment scale for autoimmune encephalitis (CASE).
| Key symptom | Scale | Score |
|---|---|---|
| Seizure | None | 0 |
| Controlled seizures | 1 | |
| Intractable seizures* | 2 | |
| Status epilepticus | 3 | |
| Memory dysfunction | None | 0 |
| Mild (does not affect daily activities) | 1 | |
| Moderate (interferes with daily activities) | 2 | |
| Severe (no recent memory or unable to communicate) | 3 | |
| Psychiatric symptoms | None | 0 |
| Mild (no need for medical intervention because it does not affect daily activities) | 1 | |
| Moderate (need for medical intervention because it interferes with daily activities) | 2 | |
| Severe (needs continuous care or admission because of psychiatric symptom) or unable to check | 3 | |
| Consciousness | Alert (opens eyes spontaneously) | 0 |
| Drowsy (opens eyes to voice) | 1 | |
| Stupor (opens eyes to pain) | 2 | |
| Comatose (does not open eyes) | 3 | |
| Language problem | None | 0 |
| Mild (slow but able to express sentences) | 1 | |
| Moderate (unable to express full sentences) | 2 | |
| Severe (unable to communicate) | 3 | |
| Dyskinesia/dystonia | None | 0 |
| Mild dyskinesia (does not affect daily activities) | 1 | |
| Moderate dyskinesia (interferes with daily activities) | 2 | |
| Severe dyskinesia causing secondary medical problems | 3 | |
| Gait instability and ataxia | Normal | 0 |
| Mild, able to walk unassisted | 1 | |
| Moderate, assisted walking | 2 | |
| Severe, unable to walk | 3 | |
| Brainstem dysfunction (number of symptoms) | None | 0 |
| Gaze paresis | 1 | |
| Tube feeding | 2 | |
| Ventilator care due to central hypoventilation | 3 | |
| Weakness (the mean motor power of all limbs, rounded off) | Normal (Grade V) | 0 |
| Mild (Grade IV) | 1 | |
| Moderate (Grade III) | 2 | |
| Severe (≤ Grade II) | 3 |