Table 1.

Acute Pancreatitis (AP) guideline recommendations for pain management.

AP guidelines	Recommendations for pain management
2013 IAP/APA Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pancreatitis	No recommendations
2013 American College of Gastroenterology Guideline: Management of Acute Pancreatitis	No recommendations
2015 Japanese Guidelines for the Management of Acute Pancreatitis	Recommendation: Pain associated with AP is severe and persistent, raising the need of sufficient pain control. (Strong recommendation, high-quality evidence)
2015 The Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas: Consensus guidelines on severe acute pancreatitis	No recommendations
2018 NICE guideline: pancreatitis	No recommendations for pain management in acute pancreatitis
2018 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis	No recommendations
2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis	Recommendation: No evidence or recommendation about any restriction in pain medication is available. NSAIDs should be avoided in acute kidney injury. Epidural analgesia should be an alternative or an agonist with intravenous analgesia, in a multimodal approach. Patient-controlled analgesia should be integrated with every described strategy. (Strong recommendation, low-quality evidence)

AP, acute pancreatitis; IAP, International Association of Pancreatology; APA, American Pancreatic Association; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; WSES, World Society of Emergency Surgery; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.