Table 1.
The clinical, biochemical, and inflammatory characteristics of patients in MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups.
| Variables | MAFLD (n = 745) | Non-MAFLD (n = 306) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic parameters | |||
| Age (years) | 55.00 (47.00, 69.00) | 60.00 (52.00, 66.00) | <0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 454 (60.94) | 189 (61.76) | 0.803 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 201 (26.98) | 77 (25.16) | 0.544 |
| Alcohol intake (n, %) | 103 (13.83) | 36 (11.76) | 0.370 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 434 (58.26) | 137 (44.77) | <0.001 |
| History of CAD (n, %) | 59 (7.92) | 23 (7.52) | 0.825 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 663 (88.99) | 179 (58.50) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic drug (n, %) | 587 (78.79) | 265 (86.60) | 0.003 |
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Height (cm) | 167.00 (160.00, 173.00) | 165.00 (159.50, 170.50) | 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.70 (63.60, 79.25) | 62.60 (56.68, 68.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.60 (23.70, 27.73) | 23.00 (21.40, 25.00) | <0.001 |
| NC (cm) | 39.27 ± 4.75 | 37.00 ± 4.39 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 93.67 ± 8.98 | 85.85 ± 8.99 | <0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 98.60 ± 7.85 | 94.63 ± 7.17 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.24 ± 16.77 | 127.06 ± 17.91 | 0.061 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.01 ± 10.29 | 71.84 ± 9.82 | <0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 93.75 ± 11.14 | 90.24 ± 10.91 | <0.001 |
| VFA (cm2) | 102.98 ± 34.47 | 66.22 ± 33.56 | <0.001 |
| SFA (cm2) | 190.00 (154.40, 229.75) | 142.65 (116.00, 177.63) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 9.84 (7.87, 12.54) | 9.97 (7.24, 12.90) | 0.846 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (μIU/mL) | 8.22 (5.08, 11.19) | 5.38 (3.17, 10.30) | <0.001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 2.68 ± 1.01 | 1.82 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
| 2 h plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 19.16 ± 5.10 | 19.25 ± 5.51 | 0.792 |
| 2 h plasma insulin (μIU/mL) | 32.87 (18.12, 45.47) | 26.97 (13.14, 39.17) | <0.001 |
| 2 h C-peptide (ng/mL) | 4.91 (3.66, 7.39) | 3.51 (2.33, 5.02) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.40 (8.00, 10.80) | 9.70 (7.98, 11.50) | 0.027 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.68 (2.27, 4.92) | 2.34 (1.41, 3.74) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-ISI | 0.32 (0.20, 0.44) | 0.51 (0.29, 0.71) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.00 (16.20, 40.50) | 16.60 (11.00, 23.25) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.60 (14.20, 26.00) | 15.20 (12.30, 20.00) | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 71.00 (58.00, 87.00) | 71.40 (58.00, 84.00) | 0.728 |
| γ-GGT (U/L) | 33.00 (23.00, 52.00) | 22.00 (15.75, 32.00) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.70 (38.70, 42.70) | 39.40 (37.20, 42.00) | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.13 (4.27, 6.25) | 5.51 (4.60, 6.87) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 59.00 (49.80, 69.50) | 60.45 (49.10, 70.80) | 0.333 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 298.00 (243.00, 351.50) | 258.00 (208.50, 310.25) | <0.001 |
| TCHOL (mmol/L) | 4.96 ± 1.14 | 4.77 ± 1.24 | 0.021 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.23 (1.56, 3.25) | 1.44 (1.00, 1.99) | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | 1.15 (0.97, 1.45) | <0.001 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.83 ± 0.90 | 2.79 ± 0.98 | 0.515 |
| Blood Cells Counts | |||
| WBC (*109/L) | 6.00 (5.00, 7.10) | 5.80 (4.80, 7.20) | 0.102 |
| Neutrophil (*109/L) | 3.30 (2.70, 4.20) | 3.30 (2.50, 4.40) | 0.909 |
| Monocyte (*109/L) | 0.47 ± 0.15 | 0.46 ± 0.16 | 0.298 |
| Lymphocyte (*109/L) | 2.00 (1.60, 2.40) | 1.80 (1.40, 2.20) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (*109/L) | 195.26 ± 55.78 | 190.84 ± 54.47 | 0.240 |
| Inflammation parameters | |||
| MHR | 0.43 (0.33, 0.58) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| NHR | 3.24 (2.44, 4.29) | 2.90 (1.99, 4.17) | <0.001 |
| NLR | 1.67 (1.28, 2.20) | 1.79 (1.40, 2.67) | 0.002 |
| PLR | 96.67 (75.29, 122.05) | 103.10 (79.37, 135.88) | 0.004 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; BMI, body mass index; NC, neck circumference; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-ISI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity index; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; TCHOL, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WBC, white blood cell; MHR, monocyte/HDL-c; NHR, neutrophil/HDL-c; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte; PLR, platelet/lymphocyte. Continuous variables were described as mean values ± SD and median (interquartile range) according to the distributions of data. Categorical variables were expressed as the number of patients and percentage. P <0.05 (two-sided) was defined as statistically significant. Bold values indicate statistically significance.