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. 2021 Dec 17;9:787581. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787581

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Copyright © 2021 Shafaattalab, Li, Gunawan, Kim, Jayousi, Maaref, Song, Weiss, Solaro, Qu and Tibbits.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The influence of stimulation frequency on Ca²⁺ transient duration in WT (black) and I79N^+/− (blue) TNNT2 hiPSC-CMs. (A, B) The data at Ca²⁺ transient durations of CaTD₃₀ and CaTD₈₀, respectively. The box plots exhibit the impact of increasing the stimulation frequency from 55 to 75 bpm on these parameters. I79N^+/− hiPSC-CMs exhibited a significantly shorter CaTD₃₀ than WT under all conditions and significantly shorter CaTD₈₀ at 65 bpm. The two groups, WT vs. I79N^+/−, were compared statistically using unpaired Student’s t tests with n = 5 biological and n = 2 technical replicates per condition. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant with the following notation: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.