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. 2021 Dec 17;11:771088. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.771088

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Guo, Zhang, Zhang, Geng, Shan, Liu, Zhu, Jin, Liu, Wang, Li, Liu, An, Tian and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of feeding time on the expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in cecum of growing rabbits (n = 6 per time point). (A) The expression of clock genes. (B, C) Tight junction genes. (D–F) Intestinal epithelial cells regeneration and apoptosis genes. (G, H) Serotonin synthesis rate-limiting enzyme TPH1 genes expression and the diurnal rhythm of serotonin in serum. White boxes indicate daytime and gray boxes indicate nighttime. (I) Expression of PER1 gene in rabbit intestinal epithelial cells induced by serotonin. ADJ.P for adjusted minimal p-values, ADJ.P < 0.05 indicates significant diurnal rhythm, AMP represents amplitude, *ADJ.P < 0.05; **ADJ.P < 0.01. Differences between the DF and NRF groups were determined with a t-test, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. DF, daytime feeding; NRF, night-restricted feeding. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM.