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. 2021 Dec 17;9:770655. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770655

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Copyright © 2021 Liu, Shah and Luo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The influence of microenvironmental factors on articular cartilage homeostasis and function. The flow-chart describes the effects of (A) mechanical forces, (B) Oxygen tension, (C) growth factors and (D) inflammatory cytokines.