Table 1.

The annotation scheme for three fields of fake news.

Category of fake news	Annotation scheme for category of fake news
Authority	Those slandered by the fake news are authoritative individuals or organizations in expertise fields related to COVID-19, such as Nanshan Zhong (Event 1) and the Wuhan Institute of Virology (Event 3).
Society	Fake news regarding social events, social problems, and social style involving people's daily lives in relation to COVID-19, especially reflecting social morality and ethics.
Politics	The fake news related to COVID-19 regarding politics, i.e., the activities of classes, parties, social groups, and individuals in domestic and international relations.