Table 1.

Roles of state and federal governments during the pandemic.

Domain	State Government	Federal Government
Risk Communication	•Circulate the updated risk messages, policies, strategies and ensure transparency	•Circulate the updated risk messages, policies, strategies and ensure transparency
	•Disseminate the updated information regarding infection and testing	•Disseminate the updated information regarding infection and testing
	•Provide regular updates to partners, stakeholders, and experts	•Provide regular updates to partners, stakeholders, and experts
	•Ensure the awareness regarding the preventive measures are reverberating from all corners
Healthcare System	•Monitor and satisfy all the demands of healthcare needs	•Form an expertise team to analyze, frame the treatment procedures, and monitor the same
	•Arrange for extended healthcare facilities if needed	•Allocate sufficient fund towards the healthcare
	•Educate the healthcare workers and cleaners to handle the infected persons	•Monitor the strain on the healthcare system and provide key medical resources and tools, as needed
	•Arrange for mortuary places in case of mass mortality	•Modify and update the measures to be implemented according to the situational needs
	•Ensure continuous supplies of PPE and medicines
Laboratory and research	•Provide required testing kits and equipment	•Define standards for testing with the experts
	•Extend the laboratory services for testing in case of a populous nation	•Support research on monitoring the virus characteristics
	•Coordinate regions and localities to effectively collect and test the samples	•Allocate funds for the development of vaccines and drugs
		•Distribute critical supplies to state governments and order in mass quantities if needed
		•Ensure that state governments are in line with the testing approaches
Infection surveillance	•Framing effective tracing methods and implementing the same collectively	•Creating technology-based tracing methods with secure platforms with the guidance of the experts
	•Isolating asymptomatic patients and monitoring them	•Evaluate the effectiveness of the measures implemented
	•Coordinate partnerships with local agencies to address the issues in case of community spread	•Monitor the state governments and assist them in all aspects
Infection mitigation measures	•Monitor the infection status at the regional level and act accordingly	•Closing the borders step by step and screening the individuals entering the border and asking them to quarantine for two weeks
	•Quarantine the region of infection and perform vigorous testing backed up by tracing methods	•Imposing nationwide lockdown with the rise in the infection as early as possible
	•Ensure people follow social distancing strategies and other precautionary measures	•Extending the lockdown and framing the relaxation of lockdown in containment and non-containment zones
		•Formulating the post-pandemic strategies for a quick recovery of the economy