Figure 2. Forest Plots Showing the Longitudinal Association Between Hearing Loss and (A) All-Cause Mortality, Stratified by the Method of Hearing Assessment, (B) Cardiovascular Mortality, (C) Accident/Injury-Related Mortality, and (D) Cancer Mortality.

Diamonds are the estimated pooled hazard ratio (HR) for each random-effects meta-analysis; box sizes reflect the relative weight apportioned to studies in the meta-analysis. HI indicates hearing impairment; seTE, standard error treatment effect; TE, treatment effect.