Table 1.
Participants' characteristics.
| N (%) or Mean (SD)/ range | ||
|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 139) | Follow-up (n = 126) | |
| Age (year) | 71.73 (7.90)/60–97 | 71.30 (7.23)/60–88 |
| Sex (male) | 42 (30.2) | 38 (30.2) |
| Educational status (junior high or below) | 46 (33.1) | 37 (29.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.82 (3.37)/16.41–36.05 | 23.87 (3.39)/16.41–36.05 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 51 (36.7) | 44 (34.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus (yes) | 24 (17.3) | 21 (16.7) |
| Heart disease (yes) | 14 (10.1) | 13 (10.3) |
| Renal disease (yes) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (4.0) |
| Stroke (yes) | 8 (5.8) | 6 (4.8) |
| Dementia (yes) | 4 (2.9) | 3 (2.4) |
| Depression (yes) | 5 (3.6) | 5 (4.0) |
| Cancer (yes) | 15 (10.8) | 13 (10.3) |
Baseline measures were examined from April, 20, 2020, to May 15, 2020; follow-up measures were examined from May, 18, 2021, to June 14, 2021.