Table 2.
Factors associated with risk of decompensation on follow-up in patients with cirrhosis of liver.
| Without decompensation events n = 73 | With decompensation events n = 97 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (mean ± SD, years) | 65 ± 11.23 | 57 ± 10.57 | <0.001∗ |
| Etiology of CLD (n (%)) | |||
| Alcohol | 31 (42.5) | 43 (44.3) | |
| Viral hepatitis | 9 (12.3) | 2 (2.06) | 0.043∗ |
| Cryptogenic | 33 (45.2) | 52 (53.6) | |
| Comorbidities (n (%)) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 56 (76.7) | 54 (55.7) | 0.004∗ |
| Systemic hypertension | 26 (35.6) | 25 (25.8) | 0.166 |
| Coronary artery disease | 11 (15.1) | 8 (8.2) | 0.162 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (23.3) | 13 (13.4) | 0.094 |
| Child status (n (%)) | |||
| Child A | 31 (42.5) | 6 (6.2) | |
| Child B | 15 (20.5) | 17 (17.5) | <0.001∗ |
| Child C | 27 (37) | 74 (76.3) | |
| Mean MELD score (mean ± SD) | 17.07 ± 6.5 | 23.03 ± 6.29 | <0.001∗ |
| Past history of complications of CLD (n (%)) | |||
| Varices on endoscopy | 57 (78.1) | 69 (71.1) | 0.306 |
| Ascites | 1 (1.4) | 66 (68) | <0.001∗ |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 0 (0) | 41 (42.3) | <0.001∗ |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 0 (0) | 45 (46.4) | <0.001∗ |
| Variceal bleed | 23 (31.5) | 18 (18.6) | 0.006∗ |
| Laboratory parameters (mean ± SD) | |||
| Total cholesterol | 144.38 ± 43.97 | 100.19 ± 45.71 | 0.258 |
| High-density lipoprotein | 43.56 ± 13.94 | 27.58 ± 15.07 | <0.001∗ |
| Low-density lipoprotein | 89.89 ± 37.22 | 61.54 ± 34.61 | 0.608 |
| Total leucocyte count | 5.65 ± 1.85 | 7.30 ± 5.28 | 0.048∗ |
| Platelet count | 122.79 ± 65.94 | 102.85 ± 70.46 | 0.033∗ |
| Creatinine | 1.19 ± 0.75 | 1.12 ± 0.70 | 0.850 |
| Sodium | 136.61 ± 3.78 | 133.55 ± 5.16 | 0.029∗ |
| Potassium | 4.25 ± 0.54 | 4.08 ± 0.58 | 0.427 |
| Albumin | 3.52 ± 0.74 | 2.97 ± 0.61 | <0.001∗ |
| INR | 1.34 ± 0.42 | 1.97 ± 0.81 | <0.001∗ |
| C-reactive protein | 11.31 ± 19.60 | 17.66 ± 25.56 | 0.080 |
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | 2.48 ± 1.53 | 4.50 ± 4.86 | 0.003∗ |
∗Statistically significant (<0.05). Abbreviations: CLD: chronic liver disease; MELD score: model for end-stage liver disease; INR: international normalized ratio.