. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2021 Dec 2;68(9):602–611. doi: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.11.023

Table 5.

Percentages (%) of older adults with no swallowing abnormality in tests of safety or efficacy according to condition of sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic dysphagia.

Safety/viscosity	Volume	Non-sarcopenic dysphagia	Sarcopenic dysphagia	p Value
Nectar-thick	5 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	10 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	20 ml	0	0
Honey-thick	5 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	10 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	20 ml	0	0
Pudding-thick	5 ml	100.0	97.8	0.703^b
	10 ml	47.4	29.0	0.155^a
	20 ml	26.3	15.6	0.318^b
Efficacy/viscosity	Volume	Non-sarcopenic dysphagia	Sarcopenic dysphagia	p Value
Nectar-thick	5 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	10 ml	0	0
	20 ml	0	0
Honey-thick	5 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	10 ml	0	0
	20 ml	0	0
Pudding-thick	5 ml	47.4	31.1	0.215^a
	10 ml	0	0
	20 ml	0	0

Chi-squared test.

Fisher’s exact test.