Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to diabetes and revascularization strategies
| No diabetes |
P-value | Diabetes |
P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCI (n = 672) | CABG (n = 676) | PCI (n = 231) | CABG (n = 221) | |||
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 9.9 | 64.7 ± 9.9 | 0.356 | 65.2 ± 9.1 | 65.6 ± 9.3 | 0.637 |
| Male sex | 78.1 (525/672) | 81.7 (552/676) | 0.106 | 71.4 (165/231) | 70.6 (156/221) | 0.844 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 4.5 | 27.4 ± 4.3 | 0.445 | 29.5 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 5.1 | 0.736 |
| Glycated haemoglobin (%) | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 0.830 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | 0.598 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 30.2 (203/672) | 28.8 (195/676) | 0.193 | 58.9 (136/231) | 55.2 (122/221) | 0.546 |
| Hypertension | 67.0 (450/672) | 63.6 (430/676) | 0.196 | 74.5 (172/231) | 65.2 (144/221) | 0.031 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 77.6 (520/670) | 75.9 (509/671) | 0.447 | 81.9 (185/226) | 81.2 (177/218) | 0.857 |
| Current smoker | 19.6 (132/672) | 23.8 (160/671) | 0.062 | 15.2 (35/231) | 16.4 (36/219) | 0.708 |
| Previous MI | 31.4 (209/665) | 34.9 (233/668) | 0.181 | 33.3 (76/228) | 30.6 (67/219) | 0.535 |
| Previous stroke | 3.4 (23/670) | 4.2 (28/671) | 0.479 | 5.2 (12/229) | 6.8 (15/219) | 0.474 |
| Previous TIA | 3.6 (24/671) | 5.1 (34/670) | 0.178 | 6.5 (15/230) | 5.0 (11/218) | 0.504 |
| Previous CAD | 7.7 (52/672) | 7.0 (47/676) | 0.580 | 9.1 (21/231) | 12.7 (28/221) | 0.221 |
| PVD | 6.8 (46/672) | 9.6 (65/676) | 0.064 | 15.6 (36/231) | 13.6 (30/221) | 0.545 |
| COPD | 7.0 (47/672) | 9.2 (62/676) | 0.143 | 10.4 (24/231) | 9.5 (21/221) | 0.753 |
| Impaired renal function | 18.6 (125/672) | 15.7 (106/676) | < 0.001 | 18.2 (42/231) | 19.5 (43/221) | 0.003 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 86.4 ± 34.2 | 85.6 ± 28.2 | 0.648 | 87.5 ± 39.3 | 85.5 ± 33 | 0.586 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.6 ± 12.6 | 58.3 ± 13.2 | 0.163 | 57.5 ± 13.7 | 58.0 ± 13.1 | 0.736 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3.3 (22/669) | 4.2 (28/665) | 0.375 | 6.1 (14/229) | 8.8 (19/215) | 0.274 |
| Clinical presentation | 0.877 | 0.164 | ||||
| Silent ischemia | 14.7 (99/672) | 13.8 (93/676) | 12.1 (28/231) | 18.1 (40/221) | ||
| Stable angina | 57.3 (385/672) | 58.0 (392/676) | 55.8 (129/231) | 54.8 (121/221) | ||
| Unstable angina | 28.0 (188/672) | 28.3 (191/676) | 32.0 (74/231) | 27.1 (60/221) | ||
| EuroSCORE | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 3.7 ± 2.7 | 0.755 | 4.0 ± 2.7 | 4.0 ± 2.7 | 0.971 |
| Parsonnet score | 7.6 ± 6.9 | 7.4 ± 6.7 | 0.596 | 11.1 ± 6.5 | 11.5 ± 6.4 | 0.584 |
| Disease extent | 0.556 | 0.733 | ||||
| 3VD | 58.5 (393/672) | 60.1 (406/676) | 66.2 (153/231) | 64.7 (143/221) | ||
| LMCAD | 41.5 (279/672) | 39.9 (270/676) | 33.8 (78/231) | 35.3 (78/221) | ||
| Disease location | 0.658 | 0.883 | ||||
| LMCAD only | 5.1 (34/672) | 6.2 (42/675) | 3.5 (8/231) | 3.2 (7/221) | ||
| LMCAD +1VD | 8.0 (54/672) | 8.6 (58/675) | 5.6 (13/231) | 5.9 (13/221) | ||
| LMCAD +2VD | 12.8 (86/672) | 12.6 (85/675) | 11.3 (26/231) | 9.5 (21/221) | ||
| LMCAD +3VD | 15.6 (105/672) | 12.6 (85/675) | 13.4 (31/231) | 16.7 (37/221) | ||
| 2VD | 1.8 (12/672) | 1.8 (12/675) | 2.2 (5/231) | 3.2 (7/221) | ||
| 3VD | 56.7 (381/672) | 58.2 (393/675) | 64.1 (148/231) | 61.5 (136/221) | ||
| Anatomical SYNTAX score | 28.3 ± 11.5 | 28.9 ± 11.5 | 0.326 | 28.6 ± 11.5 | 29.5 ± 10.9 | 0.396 |
| No. of lesions | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 0.720 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 0.492 |
| Any total occlusion | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.283 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.933 |
| Any bifurcation | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.443 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.566 |
| No. of stents | 4.6 ± 2.2 | — | 4.7 ± 2.3 | — | ||
| TSL per patient | 85.5 ± 47.5 | — | 89.0 ± 49.3 | — | ||
| Off—pump CABG | — | 14.2 (96/676) | — | 14.5 (32/221) | ||
| LIMA use | — | 83.0 (561/676) | — | 78.3 (173/221) | ||
| No. of total conduits | — | 2.8 ± 0.7 | — | 2.8 ± 0.7 | ||
| No. of arterial conduits | — | 1.4 ± 0.6 | — | 1.4 ± 0.7 | ||
| No. of venous conduits | — | 1.4 ± 0.9 | — | 1.4 ± 0.9 | ||
| Complete revascularization | 59.3 (395/666) | 64.0 (425/664) | 0.078 | 49.1 (113/230) | 60.7 (125/206) | 0.016 |
Metabolic syndrome defined as at least three of the following: (i) waist circumference >102 cm in males, >88 cm in females; (ii) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; (iii) high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL in males, <50 mg/dL in females; (iv) blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; and (v) fasting glucose ≥110 mg/dL. Impaired renal function defined as a calculated creatinine clearance <60 mL/min. Glycated haemoglobin was core laboratory reported.
3VD, three-vessel disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, carotid artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LMCAD, left main coronary artery disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TSL, total stent length.