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. 2021 Oct 16;43(2):681–699. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25679

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Classification of ALS versus HCs based on brain volume (VOL) and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). (a) Mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) across samples for performance measures of the VOL classifier. Dots represent the performance on individual test sets. (b) Mean and SEM of feature importance scores of VOL features. The background is color‐coded to highlight brain regions related to global brain volume in gray, the DMN in red, the FPN in green, and the SMN in blue. (c) Mean and SEM of the normalized CSF volume of each group. (d) Mean and SEM of the normalized mPFC GMV of each group. Group comparisons are reported at a Bonferroni‐adjusted threshold in c and d, and dots represent individual volumina (please see Table S2 for more details). (e).Relationship between the certainty of ALS classification and symptom duration in individuals with ALS, thresholded at an exploratory level of p < .01. (f) Mean and SEM of classification performance of the rsFC classifier. (g) Mean and SEM of feature importance scores of rsFC features. The background is color‐coded to highlight features related to the DMN in red, the FPN in green, and the SMN in blue. Please note that for illustrational purposes, we displayed the five most important rsFC features for each network. (h) Significant group differences in rsFC features at a Bonferroni‐adjusted threshold in the univariate analyses. Black lines indicate decreased connectivity for ALS as compared with HC (please see Table S3 for more details). ** p < .01; (*) p < .1 (Bonferroni‐adjusted); ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; b, bilateral; Cereb, cerebellum; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DMN, default mode network; FPN, fronto‐parietal network; GM, gray matter; HC, healthy controls; IPC, inferior parietal cortex; l, left; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; norm, normalized; PrePostC, precentral/ postcentral cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; r, right; SMN, sensorimotor network; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SMA, supplementary motor area; SPC, superior parietal gyrus; Thal, thalamus; TIV, transcranial volume; WM, white matter