Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants by mammographic breast density among women in Karachi, Pakistan (n = 477)
| Variables | Category | Fatty/fibroglandular (n = 178) | Heterogeneously dense (n = 198) | Dense (n = 101) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age groups (years) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 35 | 7 (3.9) | 12 (6.1) | 13 (12.9) | ||
| 35–45 | 30 (16.9) | 69 (34.8) | 46 (45.5) | ||
| 46–54 | 57 (32.0) | 51 (25.8) | 29 (28.7) | ||
| 55 and above | 84 (47.2) | 66 (33.3) | 13 (12.9) | ||
| Education | 0.023 | ||||
| < Grade8 | 33 (18.6) | 31 (15.7) | 13 (12.9) | ||
| Grades 8–12 | 65 (36.7) | 54 (27.4) | 24 (23.8) | ||
| > Grade12 | 79 (44.6) | 112 (56.9) | 64 (63.4) | ||
| Socioeconomic Status SES | 0.866 | ||||
| Upper | 43 (25.6) | 48 (25.3) | 20 (20.0) | ||
| Middle | 114 (67.9) | 129 (67.9) | 73 (73.0) | ||
| Lower | 11 (6.5) | 13 (6.8) | 7 (7.0) | ||
| Parity | 0.004 | ||||
| Nullipara | 21 (12.5) | 18 (9.5) | 21 (21.0) | ||
| 1–3 | 78 (46.4) | 112 (58.9) | 55 (55.0) | ||
| > 3 | 69 (41.1) | 60 (31.6) | 24 (24.0) | ||
| Age of mother at first live birth (AFB) | 0.060 | ||||
| < 20 years | 39 (25.8) | 29 (16.2) | 11 (13.9) | ||
| 20–29 years | 98 (64.9) | 126 (70.4) | 54 (68.4) | ||
| > 30 years | 14 (9.3) | 24 (13.4) | 14 (17.7) | ||
| Breastfeeding duration | 0.910 | ||||
| < 12 months | 26 (19.3) | 35 (21.2) | 15 (19.7) | ||
| > 12 months | 109 (80.7) | 130 (78.8) | 61 (80.3) | ||
| Age at menarche (years) | 0.487 | ||||
| < 12 years | 26 (16.3) | 22 (12.2) | 12 (12.6) | ||
| 12–13 years | 95 (59.4) | 105 (58.0) | 51 (53.7) | ||
| > 14 years | 39 (24.4) | 54 (29.8) | 32 (33.7) | ||
| History of any comorbid | 0.01 | ||||
| Yes | 102 (57.3) | 95 (48.0) | 39 (38.6) | ||
| No | 76 (42.7) | 103 (52.0) | 62 (61.4) | ||
| History of benign breast disease | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 33 (19.9) | 61 (32.6) | 46 (46.5) | ||
| No | 133 (80.1) | 126 (67.4) | 53 (53.5) | ||
| Family history of breast cancer | < 0–001 | ||||
| Yes | 48 (28.6) | 77 (40.7) | 32 (32.0) | ||
| No | 120 (71.4) | 112 (59.3) | 68 (68.0) | ||
| Menopausal status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Menopause | 125 (74.4) | 102 (54.3) | 40 (40.4) | ||
| Premenopause | 43 (25.6) | 86 (45.7) | 59 (59.6) | ||
| Serum vitamin D level (ng/ml) | 0.761 | ||||
| < 20 | 78 (57.4) | 82 (54.7) | 47 (54.7) | ||
| 20–30 | 21 (15.4) | 30 (20.0) | 19 (22.1) | ||
| > 30 | 37 (27.2) | 38 (25.3) | 20 (23.3) | ||
| Mean BMI (SD) | Menopausal women | 30.4 (4.8) | 28.4 (4.9) | 25.4 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Premenopausal women | 27.9 (5.0) | 28.2 (4.7) | 25.0 (3.8)) | < 0.001 |
BI-RADS: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (fatty and scattered glandular dense = categories A and B, heterogeneously dense = C, dense = D); chi-square test*