Table 3.
Multiplicative interaction between polygenic risk score and body mass index in male and female participants
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | Ptrend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All matched participants (NHS, NHS II, and HPFS) | |||||
| PRSa < −1 | Cases/Controls | 195/1105 | 183/774 | 188/380 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.0Ref | 1.34 (1.11, 1.57) | 2.71 (2.46, 2.95) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 320 | 428 | 986 | ||
| -1 ≤ PRSa < 1 | Cases/Controls | 1073/5098 | 1230/3499 | 1071/1790 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.20 (1.03, 1.37) | 1.96 (1.79, 2.13) | 3.27 (3.10, 3.45) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 378 | 615 | 1179 | ||
| PRSa ≥ 1 | Cases/Controls | 281/832 | 321/579 | 243/289 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.91 (1.71, 2.12) | 3.14 (2.93, 3.35) | 4.62 (4.39, 4.86) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 576 | 920 | 1662 | ||
| P Interaction-3×3 d | 0.313 | ||||
| P Interaction-3×1 e | 0.896 | ||||
| Among females (NHS and NHS II) | |||||
| PRSa < −1 | Cases/Controls | 155/928 | 140/585 | 164/353 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.0Ref | 1.45 (1.20, 1.71) | 2.74 (2.48, 3.00) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 334 | 525 | 1047 | ||
| -1 ≤ PRSa < 1 | Cases/Controls | 867/4305 | 911/2568 | 952/1573 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.39) | 2.11 (1.91, 2.30) | 3.56 (3.36, 3.75) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 405 | 757 | 1345 | ||
| PRSa ≥ 1 | Cases/Controls | 245/680 | 232/423 | 222/240 | <10−16 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 2.16 (1.93, 2.38) | 3.32 (3.08, 3.56) | 5.55 (5.29, 5.81) |
||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 680 | 1144 | 2012 | ||
| P Interaction-3×3 d | 0.606 | ||||
| P Interaction-3×1 e | 0.655 | ||||
| Among males (HPFS) | |||||
| PRSa < −1 | Cases/Controls | 40/177 | 43/189 | 24/27 | 1.95×10−4 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.0Ref | 0.97 (0.47, 1.46) | 3.58 (2.91, 4.24) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 277 | 268 | 705 | ||
| -1 ≤ PRSa < 1 | Cases/Controls | 206/793 | 319/931 | 119/217 | 9.05×10−7 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.21 (0.83, 1.60) | 1.55 (1.17, 1.93) | 2.29 (1.86, 2.73) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 296 | 400 | 592 | ||
| PRSa ≥ 1 | Cases/Controls | 36/152 | 89/156 | 21/49 | 3.30×10−3 |
| ORb (95% CI) | 1.06 (0.54, 1.57) | 2.60 (2.16, 3.05) | 1.65 (1.02, 2.29) | ||
| Incidence rate/100,000 PYsc | 283 | 609 | 585 | ||
| P Interaction-3×3 d | 6.24×10−4 | ||||
| P Interaction-3×1 e | 0.162 | ||||
a
PRS < −1 refers to PRS more than 1 SD below the mean. −1 ≤ PRS < 1 refers to PRS within 1 SD from the mean. 1 ≤ PRS refers to more than or equal to 1 SD above the mean.
b
Odds ratios are unadjusted and conditional on matching factors.
c
Incidence rates were calculated using all genotyped participants as number of incident cases per 100,000 person-years of follow-up.
d
P-value for interaction between 3 categories of BMI (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2) and 3 categories of PRS (< −1, ≤ and <1, ≥1).
e
P-value for interaction between continuous BMI and 3 categories of PRS (< −1, ≤ and <1, ≥1).