Comparison 1. Probiotics versus placebo in adults and children.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Symptomatic bacterial UTI	6	352	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.60, 1.12]
1.1 Versus placebo	2	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.65, 1.93]
1.2 Versus placebo with recurrent UTI	4	275	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.52, 1.05]
2 Worst case scenario ‐ symptomatic bacterial UTI	6	352	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.63, 1.39]
2.1 Versus placebo	2	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	3.71 [0.12, 112.47]
2.2 Versus placebo with recurrent UTI	4	275	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.60, 1.19]