Figure 6.

Schematic diagram of cell therapy and gene therapy for AMD. The fertilized ovum was obtained by in vitro fertilization, and the fertilized ovum developed into a morula and then a blastocyst. The inner cell population of the blastula was proliferated in vitro to obtain embryonic stem cells, which were induced to differentiate into RPE cells and transplanted into the patients’ eyes. In addition, skin fibroblasts from the patient were induced to produce pluripotent stem cells, which differentiated into RPE cells and were transplanted into the patients’ eyes. Gene therapy is performed mainly by injecting AAV vector carrying vVEGF-binding protein into the rsubetinal space of patients.