Table 1.

Demographic composition, certain social determinants of health, limiting longstanding illness, and less than good self-rated health among homeless people in 2006 and 2018, Stockholm.

	2006 (n = 155)	2018 (n = 148)	p-values for difference between survey years
Mean age (years) [SD]	48.4 [10.3]	50.3 [2.4]
	% ( n )	% ( n )
Sex
Women	20.6 (32)	23.6 (35)	0.529
Men	79.4 (123)	76.4 (113)
Country of origin
Sweden	68.1 (105)	66.0 (97)	0.685
Other Nordic countries	13.6 (21)	6.1 (9)	0.030
Other European countries	4.6 (7)	4.1 (6)	0.843
Other countries outside Europe	13.6 (21)	23.8 (35)	0.024
Level of education
Primary school 9 years or less	57.1 (88)	51.7 (76)	0.344
Secondary school 2–3 years	37.4 (58)	37.1 (55)	0.963
University	5.2 (8)	10.8 (16)	0.069
Duration of homelessness
<4 years	26.4 (41)	20.3 (30)	0.204
4–9 years	29.7 (46)	29.1 (43)	0.905
10+ years	41.9 (65)	50.7 (75)	0.127
Degree of homelessness
Rough sleepers	11.8 (18)	10.8 (16)	0.825
Subsistence
Social insurance	47.7 (74)	18.9 (28)	<0.0001
Receiving social assistance	37.4 (58)	52.7 (78)	0.008
Social relations
Lack practical help	25.2 (39)	50.0 (74)	<0.0001
Violence
Exposed to physical violence	31.0 (48)	40.5 (60)	0.082
Care and economic situation
Refraining from seeking dental care	67.7 (105)	66.9 (99)	0.875
Refraining from seeking health care	31.6 (49)	48.0 (71)	0.004
Refraining from purchasing prescribed drugs	25.8 (40)	48.6 (72)	<0.001
Health-related behaviors
Smoking daily	80.6 (125)	68.2 (101)	0.013
Binge drinking	24.5 (38)	20.3 (30)	0.187
Narcotic drug use	50.0 (76)	35.1 (52)	0.014
Self-reported health
Limiting longstanding illness	61.3 (95)	71.6 (106)	0.057
Less than good self-rated health	63.4 (97)	77.7 (115)	0.004