Figure 1.

Anti-MDA5 Ab determined in patients with COVID-19. (A), Overview of the cohort in this study, including healthy donors (n=50) and COVID-19 patients (n=274). Of these patients, 62 non-severe COVID-19 patients included mild and moderate clinical performance, which was defined by the symptoms with or without mild lung change. Severe disease status (n=212): Clinical symptoms with severe lung change (Lesions progression> 50%), organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, shock, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and decease (n=48). (B), The titer of anti-MDA5 Ab was increased in patients with COVID-19. The plasma samples from healthy donors served as normal control (Normal). (C), Graph of positive rate of anti-MDA5 Ab in COVID-19 was higher than that in normal control (132/174, 48.2%). The numbers of normal control and COVID-19 patients are indicated underneath. P values were determined by using unpaired, two-sided Mann-Whitney U-test and χ² test. P < 0.0001, ****. (D–G), MDA5 overexpression (OE) was achieved in 293-T cells and Western Blotting were performed with Anti-MDA5 Ab, Anti-FLAG Ab (D), plasma form DM (E), and plasma from COVID-19 patients (F, G). β-actin is used as a loading control and the unit values from ELISA of each COVID-19 plasma samples are shown underneath.