Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, laboratory findings, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19.
| Anti-MDA5 Ab positive | Anti-MDA5 Ab negative | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 132) | (n = 142) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 59.0 (50.3, 68.0) | 51.00 (42.00, 63.00) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 69 (52.3) | 90 (63.4) | 0.063 |
| Men | |||
| Women | |||
| Current smoker | 10 (9.8) | 6 (7) | 0.489 |
| Chronic comorbidities (n, %) | 75 (56.8) | 59 (41.5) | 0.012 |
| Clinical symptoms | |||
| Fever | 120 (90.9) | 125 (88.0) | 0.439 |
| Cough | 117 (88.6) | 101 (71.1) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue | 34 (25.8) | 30 (21.1) | 0.365 |
| Headache | 12 (9.1) | 8 (5.6) | 0.272 |
| Dyspnea | 25 (18.9) | 21 (14.8) | 0.358 |
| Diarrhea | 3 (2.3) | 4 (2.8) | 0.775 |
| Myalgia | 21 (15.9) | 26 (18.3) | 0.598 |
| Skin Rash | |||
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Anti-MDA5-Ab titer, U/mL | 7.36 (5.88, 11.04) | 3.26 (2.23, 4.19) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count, x109 per L (n=215) | 6.9 (4.8, 9.4) | 5.81 (4.3, 8.3) | 0.079 |
| Neutrophil count, x109 per L (n=260) | 5.17 (3.15, 7.90) | 3.90 (2.58, 6.43) | 0.024 |
| Lymphocyte count, x109 per L (n=260) | 0.84 (0.57, 1.17) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.54) | 0.040 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L (n=260) | 123.00 (113.00, 136.25) | 128.00 (115.75, 138.00) | 0.193 |
| Platelet count, x109 per L (n=260) | 209.50 (146.00, 285.25) | 207.00 (169.50, 276.00) | 0.754 |
| Albumin, g/L (n=260) | 30.45 (27.30, 33.50) | 32.95 (29.65, 38.80) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine kinase, U/L (n=215) | 66.00 (43.50, 118.50) | 73.50 (45.75, 158.75) | 0.474 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L (n=215) | 323.00 (238.50, 447.00) | 303.50 (227.00, 419.50) | 0.410 |
| D-dimer, mg/L (n=101) | 0.85 (0.36, 1.92) | 0.41 (0.00, 1.24) | <0.001 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL (n=135) | 36.60 (18.60, 81.30) | 31.40 (10.00, 65.53) | 0.107 |
| CRP, mg/L (n=196) | 42.70 (18.08, 110.30) | 39.55 (10.30, 90.83) | 0.095 |
| IL-6 (n=167) | 7.41 (5.53, 10.09) | 8.02 (6.15, 11.39) | 0.177 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) (n=162) | 801.31 (381.88, 1397.92) | 678.19 (320.31, 1251.58) | 0.270 |
| NLR (n=260) | 5.26 (2.97, 12.07) | 3.76 (2.24, 8.56) | 0.016 |
| PLR (n=260) | 5.17 (3.15, 7.90) | 3.90 (2.58, 6.43) | 0.193 |
| Clinical severity and outcomes | |||
| Clinical severity | 117 (88.6) | 95 (66.9) | <0.001 |
| Non-sever | |||
| Severe | |||
| Other Organ dysfunction | 27 (20.5) | 16 (11.3) | 0.037 |
| ICU admission | 18 (13.6) | 13 (9.2) | 0.242 |
| Death | 31 (23.5) | 17 (12.0) | 0.012 |
| Time from illness onset to hospital discharge, days (n=267) |
Data are median (IQR), n (%), or n/N (%). P-values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; MDA5 melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide;. CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6. χ² test comparing all subcategories. Bold values indicate that significant differences of demographics, clinical, laboratory findings, and outcomes between anti-MDA5 Ab positive and negative patients.