Fig. 5.

PTs accelerate calvarial reconstruction via autologous transplantation. a Scheme of autologous transplantation. PTs from the PBS, BMP, or BMP/CS groups were explanted and transplanted into the same mice with 5 mm diameter calvarial defects (n = 6). b, c Superficial, interior and coronal views of the cranium at weeks 3 (b) and 6 (c) after surgery. Images were taken at timed intervals for animals transplanted with PBS-, BMP-, or BMP/CS-induced autologous PTs. The white arrowhead indicates the integration site. Scale bar, 5 mm. d, e Quantitative analysis of bone volume fraction (BV/TV, d) and bone mineral density (BMD, e). Data were from individual animals and are shown as the mean ± SD.; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc tests