Table 4.
Weighted OLS models predicting delivery in health facilitya, overall and by country
| All | Guatemala | Honduras | Nicaragua | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
| Round | ||||||||
| Baseline | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Follow-up | 0.016 | [−0.03, 0.06] | 0.083* | [− 0.01, 0.18] | 0.028 | [−0.06, 0.11] | 0.023 | [−0.02, 0.07] |
| Arm | ||||||||
| Comparison | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Intervention | −0.096** | [− 0.18, − 0.01] | − 0.044 | [− 0.21, 0.12] | 0.150** | [0.03, 0.26] | −0.063 | [− 0.18, 0.05] |
| Interaction term: Follow-up x Intervention | 0.031 | [−0.03, 0.09] | − 0.074 | [− 0.19, 0.04] | 0.045 | [− 0.05, 0.14] | 0.073 | [− 0.03, 0.17] |
| Age | ||||||||
| 15–24 | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| 25–34 | 0.016 | [−0.01, 0.04] | 0.036 | [−0.01, 0.08] | 0.018 | [−0.01, 0.05] | 0.009 | [−0.02, 0.04] |
| 35–49 | 0.014 | [−0.02, 0.05] | 0.045 | [−0.01, 0.11] | 0.006 | [−0.05, 0.06] | 0.013 | [−0.03, 0.06] |
| Primiparous | 0.074*** | [0.05, 0.1] | 0.128*** | [0.07, 0.18] | 0.072*** | [0.04, 0.1] | 0.050*** | [0.02, 0.08] |
| Area of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Urban | 0.099*** | [0.06, 0.14] | 0.208*** | [0.14, 0.28] | 0.026 | [−0.04, 0.1] | 0.089*** | [0.03, 0.14] |
| Asset index | ||||||||
| Low | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Medium | 0.043*** | [0.02, 0.06] | 0.034* | [0, 0.07] | 0.060*** | [0.02, 0.1] | 0.028** | [0, 0.06] |
| High | 0.045** | [0.01, 0.08] | 0.052* | [−0.01, 0.11] | 0.072** | [0.01, 0.13] | −0.003 | [− 0.06, 0.06] |
| Languages spoken (Guatemala) | ||||||||
| Spanish only | – | – | 0.000 | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
| Spanish multilingual | – | – | −0.074** | [− 0.13, − 0.01] | – | – | – | – |
| Indigenous only | – | – | − 0.100*** | [− 0.17, − 0.03] | – | – | – | – |
| Highest level of education attained | ||||||||
| None | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Primary | 0.012 | [− 0.04, 0.06] | 0.034 | [−0.03, 0.1] | 0.002 | [−0.11, 0.11] | 0.003 | [−0.07, 0.07] |
| Secondary | 0.053* | [0, 0.11] | 0.156*** | [0.06, 0.26] | −0.000 | [−0.12, 0.12] | 0.032 | [−0.04, 0.11] |
| High school or higher | 0.067** | [0, 0.13] | 0.213*** | [0.1, 0.33] | 0.031 | [−0.09, 0.15] | 0.024 | [−0.06, 0.11] |
| Literacy | ||||||||
| Cannot read at all | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Able to read a portion | 0.030 | [−0.02, 0.08] | −0.005 | [− 0.07, 0.06] | 0.084 | [− 0.02, 0.19] | 0.003 | [− 0.07, 0.08] |
| Able to read | 0.110*** | [0.06, 0.16] | 0.061* | [−0.01, 0.13] | 0.171*** | [0.06, 0.28] | 0.070** | [0, 0.14] |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Married | 0.003 | [−0.03, 0.03] | 0.034 | [− 0.04, 0.1] | 0.013 | [− 0.05, 0.08] | − 0.024 | [− 0.06, 0.02] |
| Domestic partnership | 0.000 | [− 0.03, 0.03] | 0.001 | [− 0.07, 0.07] | 0.047* | [− 0.01, 0.1] | − 0.016 | [− 0.06, 0.03] |
| Other | −0.001 | [− 0.05, 0.04] | 0.026 | [− 0.08, 0.14] | 0.033 | [− 0.07, 0.14] | − 0.032 | [− 0.08, 0.02] |
| Housewife | 0.019 | [− 0.01, 0.05] | 0.003 | [− 0.07, 0.07] | − 0.018 | [− 0.07, 0.03] | 0.024* | [0, 0.05] |
| Owns a car or scooter | 0.011 | [−0.02, 0.04] | 0.048 | [− 0.02, 0.12] | 0.033 | [−0.01, 0.07] | − 0.002 | [− 0.04, 0.03] |
| Any ANC? | 0.216*** | [0.17, 0.27] | 0.058** | [0.01, 0.1] | 0.290*** | [0.17, 0.41] | 0.482*** | [0.37, 0.59] |
| Counseled regarding health facility delivery | 0.040*** | [0.01, 0.07] | 0.034 | [− 0.02, 0.09] | − 0.003 | [− 0.05, 0.05] | 0.016 | [− 0.03, 0.06] |
| Advised to give birth in a health facility | 0.047*** | [0.02, 0.08] | 0.053** | [0.01, 0.1] | −0.011 | [− 0.06, 0.04] | 0.032 | [−0.02, 0.08] |
| Informed should have a C-section | 0.070*** | [0.05, 0.09] | 0.137*** | [0.07, 0.2] | 0.059*** | [0.03, 0.09] | 0.051*** | [0.03, 0.07] |
| Advised to create a transportation plan | 0.004 | [−0.02, 0.03] | − 0.011 | [− 0.08, 0.05] | 0.018 | [− 0.01, 0.05] | − 0.010 | [− 0.03, 0.01] |
| Nearest facility type | ||||||||
| Basic | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
| Comprehensive | 0.098 | [−0.22, 0.42] | 0.014 | [−0.24, 0.27] | 0.162*** | [0.06, 0.26] | −0.011 | [− 0.06, 0.04] |
| Nearest facility score | −0.002 | [− 0.02, 0.02] | 0.050*** | [0.02, 0.08] | 0.006 | [−0.02, 0.03] | −0.041* | [− 0.09, 0] |
| Provide facilities for relativesb | 0.017 | [−0.05, 0.09] | −0.188*** | [− 0.29, − 0.09] | 0.068 | [− 0.03, 0.17] | 0.019 | [− 0.04, 0.07] |
| Country | ||||||||
| Guatemala | 0.000 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Honduras | 0.521*** | [0.45, 0.59] | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nicaragua | 0.485*** | [0.4, 0.57] | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Observations | 8754 | 3889 | 2769 | 2096 | ||||
* p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01
aWith fixed effects at the facility level
bIncludes accommodation or meals for relatives during hospital stay