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. 2021 Dec 20;12:781874. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.781874

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Copyright © 2021 Beretta, Romanò, Sancini, Grotberg, Nieman and Miserocchi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Left: time course of the recovery of fragments of proteoglycan families upon 12% O₂ exposure (redrawn from Miserocchi et al., 2001). Peptidoglycans (PDGLs) control the permeability of the glycocalyx; heparin-sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) control the permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells; chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PGs) provide rigidity to the interstitial matrix. Right: relationship between loss of integrity of interstitial hyaluronan (a hydrophilic non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan) and increase in W/D ratio. Points A, B, and C correspond to those reported in Figure 4.