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Daily fermentation metabolite concentrations in the effluents of the inoculum reactor (IR) for F2 (A) and F3 (B) measured by HPLC-RI. End metabolites (acetate, butyrate, propionate, and formate), intermediate metabolite (succinate), BCFAs (isovalerate and isobutyrate), and valerate. Two consecutive batch fermentations were used for bead colonization. Period 1: The period within which the second-stage reactors were connected to IR and stabilize.
