Table 1.

Associated ABA metabolism (synthesis and catabolism) and response genes in this paper.

Gene Name	Protein/Enzyme	Mutant	Mutant phenotype	Specie	Reference
ABA Biosynthesis
ABA1	Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)	aba1, vp2/5/7/9	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis, Maize, Tobacco	[104]
ABA2	Short-chain dehydrogenase reductase (AB-SDR)	aba2	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[31], [37]
ABA2	Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)	aba2	Reduced dormancy	Tobacco	[37]
VP14	9-cis Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase	vp14	Reduced dormancy	Maize	[35], [205]
NCED	9-cis Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase	nced1-9	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis, Bean, Brachypodium distachyon	[44]
AAO3	Aldehyde oxidase 3	aao3-1	Slightly reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[47]
ABA Catabolism
CYP707A2	ABA 8′-hydroxylase	cyp707a2-1/2	Enhanced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[27]
CYP707A1	ABA 8′-hydroxylase	cyp707a1	Enhanced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[28], [206]
ABA signaling components
PYR, PYL/RCAR	ABA receptors	Pyls	Reduced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis , Rice	[29], [30]
ABI1	Protein phosphatase 2C	abi1-1	Reduced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	[207], [208], [209]
ABI2	Protein phosphatase 2C	abi2-1	Reduced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	[209], [210], [211]
AHG1	Protein phosphatase 2C	ahg1-1/2/3/4/5	Enhanced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	[54], [55]
AHG3	Protein phosphatase 2C	Ahg3-1/2	Enhanced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	[212], [213]
SnRK2s	Protein kinase	snrk2.2, 2.3, 2.6 triple mutant	Green seed, Reduced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis	[214], [215]
Transcription factors
ABI3/VP1	B3 domain	abi3-1 to 17, vp1	Green seed, Reduced dormancy and ABA sensitivity	Arabidopsis, Rice, Maize	[60], [216], [217]
ABI4	ERF/APETALA domain	abi4-1	ABA insensitive	Arabidopsis	[75], [218]
ABI5	ABF, bZIP	abi5-1/7/8	ABA insensitive	Arabidopsis	[60], [219]
FUS3	B3 domain	fus3-3/8	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis
LEC1	B3 domain	lec1-1/2	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[68], [220]
LEC2	B3 domain	lec2-1/3	Reduced dormancy	Arabidopsis	[26], [220]