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Schematic illustration of the surgical methods. (A) Normal anatomy. (B) Facial reanimation with hypoglossal nerve transfer and the distal stump of hypoglossal nerve neurotization using the ansa cervicalis. (C) Facial nerve booster reanimation using the ansa cervicalis with end-to-side coaptation. (D) Facial nerve booster reanimation with sural nerve interposition graft between the hypoglossal nerve and facial nerve.
